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第三讲 形容词和副词
句子成分切莫忘
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ____________ (shine) object.
shiny/shining 解析：根据空格后的object可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ____________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
fairly 解析：修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.__________________ __
steady→steadily 解析：grow是谓语动词，故用副词修饰。
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.____________________
seriously→serious 解析：problem为名词，前面应用形容词修饰。
5．(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)There are plenty of jobs availably in the western part of the country.____________________
availably→available 解析：修饰名词jobs应用形容词，availably是副词。
通关点击 _________________________________________________________原则这样解读
(1)看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语，要想到用形容词；
(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词；
(3)形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果。
(2017·山东高三下学期综合测试)Ron had a successful career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life. 在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功。
Luckily, her stepmother was kind to her.
幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.
经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。
牢记几组易混形容词、副词
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
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1．(2017·沈阳监测)Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldn’t bear to keep my eyes ____________ (wide) open.
wide 解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式；wide本身就有副词词性，意为“完全地”。注意：此处不能填widely, widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。
2．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)“God，help me！” I begged anxiously. “Is there someone who will be kind enough to stop and help me out？” ____________， there was no sign of anyone.
However 解析：考查副词。空处前句表达作者想得到别人帮助的愿望，空后句意为“看不到任何人”，前后为转折关系且有逗号隔开，故用副词However。
3．(2017·沈阳监测)I received an ____________ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me.
amazed 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”，形容人的表情，故用amazed。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.____________________
Beside→Besides 解析：beside是介词，此处需要副词，故用besides，表示“除……之外(还)”。
5．(全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.____________________
before→ago 解析：before和一段时间连用常表示过去某时间之前；ago和一段时间连用则表示在多长时间之前。根据句意可知，指大约在五年前，故用ago。
6．(2016·浙江卷)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.____________________
late→later 解析：句意：当我还是个小孩子时，我爸爸创造一个定期的活动，这个活动我很多年之后依然记忆清晰。本句中混用了late与later，前者为形容词“迟到，迟做”或副词“迟，晚”，后者为副词“后来”。“一段时间＋later”表示这段时间之后。
7．(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals. However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams.____________________
However→Therefore 解析：上下文是因果关系，应用表示因果关系的副词。且句中有逗号与后面的句子分开，所以应用therefore。
8．(2017·合肥第一次质量检测)I had a great English teacher, Maggie. She let me know the importance of English. So I decided to learn English hardly.____________________
hardly→hard 解析：考查副词。句意：因此我决定努力学习英语。hard意为“努力地”，hardly意为“几乎不”。根据句意可知，应用hard。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
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1．before, ago
(1)ago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起。
(2)before：常用于过去完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起。
2．late, later
(1)late adj.迟到的；adv.迟，晚
(2)later (也是late的比较级) adj.后来的，以后的 adv.后来，以后
3．however, therefore
(1)however：副词，表示转折。
(2)therefore：副词，表示因果关系。
4．常见的易用错的形容词和副词
(1)以ly结尾的形容词。如：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等。
(2)意义有别的同根副词。如：
close靠近(通常指距离) closely密切地，仔细地
hard努力地，费力地 hardly几乎不
most最，(程度上)最大，非常 mostly一般地，主要地
(3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以－ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：
wide宽地，widely广泛地，如：be widely known被广泛了解
high高地，highly高度地，如：think highly of评价高
deep深地，deeply深深地，如：be deeply moved被深深感动
5．－ed型形容词和－ing型形容词
解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(－ing)，还是“感到……”(－ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(－ing)还是感受(－ed)。
构词知识记端详
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·浙江宁波十校联考)So his mother, who was ____________(will) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep.
unwilling 解析：根据后面的“brought him home to look after the sheep”可知，此处表示“不愿意的”，故填unwilling。
2．(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most ____________(relax) experiences of my life.
relaxing 解析：名词前应用形容词作定语，此处修饰experiences，故用relaxing“
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令人放松的”。
3．(2017·湖北华大联盟高三质检)It is probably one of the earliest and longest ____________(last) sports which uses both muscles and brain.
lasting 解析：用在名词前应为定语，故用lasting“持续的”。
4．(2017·安徽师大附中测试)What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be ____________(thank) that I had the opportunity to know them.
thankful 解析：考查形容词。be动词后一般跟形容词作表语，故此处用形容词形式。
5．(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)This is also where friends and family gather to keep warm and talk at night. Sitting by the fire made me feel ____________(peace), and it was like I was experiencing the traditional Chinese way of life.
peaceful 解析：考查形容词。该句中的“feel”为连系动词，后接形容词，此处表示“坐在炉火旁使我感到平静”。
6．(2017·新疆第二次适应性检测)There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly ____________(benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.
beneficial 解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．形容词变副词的后缀
后缀
示例
直接加ly
slow adj.慢的→slowly adv.缓慢地
改y为ily
happy adj.高兴的→happily adv.高兴地
去e加ly
true adj.真的→truly adv.真地
2.动词、名词变形容词的后缀
常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有：able, al, ful, ed, ing, ible, ive, ous, some, y, ern, ish等。
后缀
示例
able
accept vt.接受→acceptable adj.可接受的
ed
confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的
ing
convince vt.说服，使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
ful
forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的
al
nature n．自然→natural adj.自然的
ible
access n．进入，使用权，通路→accessible adj.容易取得的
ous
caution n．谨慎→cautious adj.谨慎的
3.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
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常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有：dis， il， im， in， ir， mis， un， less等。
前/后缀
示例
il
legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的
in
convenient adj.方便的→inconvenient adj.不方便的
ir
regular adj.有规律的→irregular adj.没规律的
un
willing adj.乐意的→unwilling adj.不乐意的
less
useful adj.有用的→useless adj.无用的
考查比较等级
比较等级细思量
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of ____________(great) and less importance.
greater 解析：句意：如果你因工作上的责任感到压抑，你应该后退一步，并且识别一下这些工作中哪些更重要，哪些不那么重要。根据句意以及little的比较级less的提示可知空格处应用形容词great的比较级greater。
2．(2017·沈阳监测)We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even ____________(far)．
farther/further 解析：考查比较级。根据该句中的“even”可以判断，此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”，故用far的比较级。
3．(2017·东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much ____________(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.
quieter 解析：考查形容词比较级。根据下文的than可知，此处用比较级。
4．(2017·广东七校联合体第二次联考)I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was ____________(convenient) than others.
more convenient 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，空处用形容词的比较级。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.____________________
earlier→early 解析：此处没有比较的含义，仅表示主语习惯性的行为，应用early。
6．(2015·陕西卷)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.____________________
better→best 解析：根据句子后面的限定范围in the world可知，此处应用最高级。
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通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……越……”。
It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get.
人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。
2．“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两个中较……的”。
Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiaotong University or Fudan University?
上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个？
3．“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数＋比较范围”表示“……中最……的……之一”。
New York is one of the biggest cities in America.
纽约是美国最大的城市之一。
4．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a better boss.
为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。
5．可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal及数量词、表示倍数的词等，常放在比较级的前面。
The hotel is rather more expensive than that one.
这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。
,[学生用书P21] )
单句语法填空
1．(2017·福建六校联考)Staying ____________(health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.
healthy 解析：句意：在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。
2．(2017·河南信阳高中第四次大考)At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very ____________(anger) about it.
angry 解析：句意：起初，许多人不喜欢这种绘画风格，并对此感到很生气。系动词became后面应用形容词作表语，故填angry。be angry about sth.意为“对某事感到生气”，为固定短语。
3．(2017·郑州第二次质量预测)On New Year’s Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted ____________(warm) at each house.
warmly 解析：考查副词。根据空前的were greeted可知，空处修饰动词，故用副词形式。
4．(2017·太原二模)Life is about giving and taking, and it’s ____________(general) true that if you give, you will receive.
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generally 解析：考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故填generally。
5．(2017·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the ____________(fast) you will move toward your goal.
faster 解析：句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……越……”。因此，设空处应用比较级。故填faster。
6．(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China, the third ____________(large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world’s population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.
largest 解析：考查形容词最高级。由空前的the third可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。
7．(2017·安徽滁州中学模拟)____________(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
Obviously 解析：句意：很明显，一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子，作状语，应用副词。故填Obviously。
8．(2017·湖北华大联盟高三质检)The boy looked at his father ____________(hope) because he thought his father had brought him a present.
hopefully 解析：修饰动词短语looked at应用副词形式。
9．(2017·山东临沂一模)It is one of the most ____________(amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view.
amazing 解析：句意：从艺术的角度，那是最惊人的电视节目之一。设空处后为名词，由此可推出设空处应为形容词作定语。amazing惊人的。
10．(2017·昆明质量检测)If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more water—a low－cost, sugar－free drink—we can improve their drinking habits, which may allow many kids to feel ____________(great) throughout the day and do better in school.
greater 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知，空处与此处对应，应用形容词的比较级。
单句改错
1．(2017·广东七校联考)As I watched the flag rising slowly. I sang the national anthem, feeling extremely exciting.____________________
exciting→excited 解析：考查形容词。该句主语为I，修饰人，应用形容词excited，表示“激动的，兴奋的”。
2．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)He was a Enropean billionaire who got everything he wanted. Therefore, in the last twenty years of his life, his health began to get worse and he led a miserable life.____________________
Therefore→However 解析：考查副词。上文说他是一位欧洲亿万富翁，
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得到了他想要的一切，该句说在他生命里的最后二十年，他的健康状况变得越来越糟。上下文为转折关系，故用However。
3．(2017·云南八校区调研)I don’t think that it is a truly eco－travel. An eco－travel not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our responsibility as well.____________________
truly→true 解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词eco－travel。
4．(2017·长沙一模)The American TV show The Voice is one of my most favorite amusement shows.____________________
删除most 解析：考查最高级。句意：美国电视节目《美国之声》是我最喜欢的娱乐节目之一。favorite意为“最喜欢的”，无最高级形式。
5．(2017·南昌十校二模)It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.____________________
clear→clearly 解析：词性错误。此处修饰过去分词shown，要用副词。clearly“清晰地”。
6．(2017·皖北协作区联考)We telephoned the doctors and an old man was sent to the hospital in no time. We felt happily to help him.____________________
happily→happy 解析：feel是系动词，后面要用形容词作表语。故将happily改为happy。
语法填空
(2017·山西临汾适应性训练)Once upon a time, there was a flock of doves that flew in search of food 1.____________(lead) by their king. One day, they had flown a long distance and were very tired. The dove king 2.____________(courage) them to fly a little further. The 3.____________(small) of them picked up speed and found some rice beneath an apple tree. So all the doves headed and began to eat. Suddenly a net fell over 4.____________(they) and they were all trapped. They saw 5.____________ hunter approaching carrying a huge stick. The doves desperately fluttered their wings trying to get out, but 6.____________ vain. The king advised all the doves to fly up together carrying the net with them.
Each dove picked up a part of the net and together they flew off carrying the net with them. The hunter looked up in 7.____________(astonish). He tried to follow them, but they were flying high over hills and valleys. They flew to a hill, 8.____________ there lived a mouse. The dove king called out the mouse and explained what 9.____________(happen). Then the mouse set the doves 10.____________(freely) by cutting the net and they flew away together.
Unity is strength.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述了一个小故事告诉读者：团结就是力量。
1．led 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语a flock of doves与lead为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词led。
2．encouraged 解析：句意：鸽王鼓励它们再飞得远一点。设空处在句中作谓语，故用动词encourage；本句讲的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
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3．smallest 解析：根据第一句中的a flock of doves可知这群鸽子不可能是两只，至少是三只或三只以上。再根据设空处前的定冠词The可知设空处需用形容词最高级形式，故填smallest。
4．them 解析：设空处作宾语，故用宾格形式them。
5．a 解析：设空处后的名词hunter在本句中表示泛指，故填a。
6．in 解析：in vain为固定短语，意为：徒劳，无效。
7．astonishment 解析：in astonishment为固定短语，意为：惊讶地。
8．where 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为hill，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
9．had happened 解析：happen先于explained发生，表示“过去的过去”，故设空处用过去完成时。
10．free 解析：set...free为固定短语，意为：释放，解放。
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