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第五讲 冠词、代词
冠 词
冠词简约不简单，特指泛指需分辨
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)For Pahlsson, its return was ____________ wonder.
a 解析：此处泛指“一个奇迹”，应用不定冠词a。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，____________ other is with mum—she never suspects.
the 解析：one...the other...“一个……另一个……”，为固定用法。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ____________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
a 解析：for a while“一会儿”，为固定短语。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.____________________
去掉the 解析：at first“起初；一开始”，为固定短语。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
(一)不定冠词
1．在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。
a university, a useful animal, a oneeyed dog, a European car, an hour, an honest boy, an Xray, an ugly man, an honor等。
I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier.
作为一名超市收银员我每小时挣10美元。
2．不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。
(2017·湖北重点中学联考)They found an apartment in America. They were there for only a month.
他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅一个月。
3．表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。
At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.
那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。
4．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。
As the old saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”
常言道，冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
5．“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常，很”。
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He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。
He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.
在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。
6．在抽象名词success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger, shock等前表示“一个……的人或一件……的事”。
The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.
手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。
7．不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：
all of a sudden 突然
in a hurry 匆忙地
as a rule 通常
be on a visit 参观；拜访
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a result 因此
have a gift for 在某方面有天赋
have/catch a cold 感冒
make a living 谋生
have/take a rest 休息
in a way 从某种意义上说
give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车
(二)定冠词的6种基本用法
1．特指某人或某事。
The village where I was born has grown into a town.
我出生的那个小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇。
2．用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前。
As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
3．某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要想到用定冠词。
As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing.
据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。
4．在世界上独一无二的事物，西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。
The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.
这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。
5．用于the more...the more...(越……越……)结构中。
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The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越小心，就会越少犯错误。
6．定冠词用于固定短语中
at the moment 此刻；目前
at the same time 同时
on the contrary 相反
in the end 最后，最终
on the whole 总的来说
to tell the truth 说实话
in the distance 在远处
on the other hand 另一方面
make the most of 充分利用
by the way 顺便说一下
go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧
in the middle of 在……中间
(三)零冠词的3种基本用法
1．在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。
Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which you’ll make great progress.
记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。
2．用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。
Are you going there by plane or by ship?
你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？
3．用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。
After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.
多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一名优秀的经理。
代 词
代词指代要想全，理清用法是关键
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt ____________(I)，”says Pahlsson.
myself 解析： 根据句意可知，此处表示“她以为我伤到我自己了”，应用I的反身代词，故填myself。
2．(2016·浙江卷)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____________in the UK.
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that 解析： 这里指代前面的不可数名词education system，为避免重复，所以用that。
3．(2017·陕西检测一)All of us have read thrilling stories.In many of ____________(they) the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.
them 解析：考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用宾格代词them作介词of的宾语。
4．(2017·新疆第二次检测)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for ____________ the teachers and the students.
both 解析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配both...and...意为“两者都”，符合语境，故用both。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.____________________
all→both或去掉all 解析： 主语只有两个人，应用both作同位语或删掉all。all指三者或三者以上。
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.____________________
many→much 解析：此处应用代词much指代much money，作动词cost的宾语；many通常指代可数名词复数。
通关点击 _______________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词
人称
分类
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
人称代
词主格
I
you
he，she，
it
we
you
they
人称代
词宾格
me
you
him，her，
it
us
you
them
形容词性
物主代词
my
your
his，her，
its
our
your
their
名词性
物主代词
mine
yours
his，hers，
its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself，
herself，
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
指示代词
this，that
these，those
2．反身代词
(1)反身代词是由第一、二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称的人称代词宾格加词缀self或selves构成。
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(2)反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。
You should learn to be kind to yourself.
你要学会善待自己。
(3)反身代词的习惯用法
adapt oneself to 适应 dress oneself自己穿衣
occupy oneself with忙于 devote oneself to 致力于
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 express oneself表达自己
help oneself随便吃 by oneself单独地
3．指示代词this，that，these，those的用法
指示代词
用法
this/these
指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用
that/those
指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用
What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work.
我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。
4．不定代词
(1)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指。
There are two pens here. One is his, and the other is Tom’s.
这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。
(2)other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。
We study English, maths, Chinese and other subjects.
我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。
(3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some...others...；而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。
Some like staying at home at the weekend; others like going to the cinema.
一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。
(4)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。
I don’t like this book. Please give me another one.
我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。
5．不定代词both，all，either，any，neither，none
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都
任何
一个
都不(全
部否定)
部分否定
两者
both
either
neither＝
not either
both和not
连用
三者或
三者以上
all
any
none＝
not any
all和not
连用
Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.
Niki总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是有用的。
it高考很常见，规则用法要记全
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ____________ every day.
it 解析： 此处指代前面的the railway，故用it。
2．(2017·沈阳检测一)It was time for dinner and ____________was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.
it 解析： 考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知，句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，空处是形式主语，故用it。
3．(2017·河南南阳模拟)____________is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.
It 解析：句意：对于学生来说，他们人在教室但心却不在的现象很普遍，因为他们在玩手机。It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.为固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……的”。其中it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，故填It。
4．(2017·安庆模拟)He admitted that when____________ comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.
it 解析：句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。when it comes to...意为“当说到……”，为固定句型。故填it。
5．(2017·重庆模拟)I hate ____________ when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.
it 解析： 句意：我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。it常常与某些动词连用构成固定句式，例如：hate/dislike it when...；appreciate/help it if...等。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．指代时间、天气和距离。
It is rainy in summer in China.
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中国夏季雨水多。
2．代替前文提到过的事物。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。
3．it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。
4．常用于固定搭配中。
make it 成功；hate/like/enjoy it that...讨厌/喜欢……；I can’t help it我没有办法；if I can help it 如果我有办法；when it comes to...当涉及……时；rely on/depend on/count on it that...相信……；I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration. 如果你考虑我的建议我将不胜感激。
,[学生用书P27] )
单句语法填空
1．(2017·石家庄质量检测一)According to William Hanson，____________expert in ceremony，there’s a very good reason for this—and it has nothing to do with fashion，but rather a royal tradition that dates back to the sixteenth century.
an 解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一个专家”，expert的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。
2．(2017·四川成都诊断)I visited Hangzhou for the first time in the summer of 2016.It is so attractive that I decided to go there for ____________second time next year.
a 解析：句意：2016年夏天我第一次去杭州旅游。那里如此迷人，我决定明年再去一次。a second time表示“又一次，再一次”，故填a。
3．(2017·合肥第一次检测)Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of ____________most important art forms in China.
the 解析：考查冠词。根据形容词最高级most important可知，空处需加定冠词the，此处意为“最重要的艺术形式之一”。
4．(2017·浙江嘉兴基础测试)Later, her role as Queen Amidala in Star Wars made her ____________ international superstar.
an 解析： 根据句意可知，她成了一位国际巨星，表示泛指“一个”，且international以元音音素开头，前面需用不定冠词an。
5．(2017·河南洛阳第一次统考)“As soon as he opens ____________(he) mouth and sings
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in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.
his 解析：考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。
6．(2017·太原二模)Then he opened one of his bags and gave me ____________handful of freshly picked cherries，explaining that he had just taken them from his orchard.
a 解析：考查冠词。固定搭配a handful of意为“一把……”，符合语境，故用不定冠词a。
7．(2017·浙江金丽衢州十二校8月联考)Linda，please tell me a little bit about ____________(you)．
yourself 解析：此处表示“你自己”的概念，应用反身代词，指Linda，故填yourself。
8．(2017·江西赣中南五校一模)Dating sites also make ____________ easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in.
it 解析：句意：约会网站还能轻易避开那些你不感兴趣的人。设空处用it作形式宾语，“to avoid someone...”为真正宾语。
9．(2017·山东师大附中二模)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced ____________(her)．
herself 解析：句意：那时，一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书，向我走来并自我介绍。设空处作宾语，该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人，故用反身代词herself。
10．(2017·江西九江一中第一次月考)____________is also fun to eat in restaurants there.
It 解析：句意：在那里的饭店用餐也很有趣。It作形式主语，“to eat in restaurants there”作真正的主语。
单句改错
1．(2017·云贵川百校联考)But it’s difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan it.____________________
第二个it→them 解析：plan后应跟一个指代前面的activities的代词，为复数形式，作plan的宾语，故应用表复数的宾格代词them。
2．(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently.____________________
me→myself 解析：考查代词。与句子主语I呼应，应用反身代词，意为“照顾好自己”。
3．(2017·长沙一模)After work, he learned to play guitar.He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple.____________________
play后加the/his 解析：考查冠词或物主代词。guitar为乐器，需在其前加定冠词the。因为guitar和主语he是所属关系，故也可以用形容词性物主代词his。
4．(2017·河北邯郸联考)At first, I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight.____________________
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删除the 解析：lose weight 意为“减肥”，为固定短语，故将the删除。
5．(2017·洛阳统一考试)I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scolding, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor.____________________
a→the 解析：考查冠词。tell the truth为固定词组搭配，符合语境，故用定冠词the。
6．(2017·石家庄检测一)In the fact, this happens in many places of interest.I have some suggestions to solve this problem.____________________
删除fact前的the 解析：考查固定搭配。in fact为固定搭配，意为“事实上”，the多余。
7．(2017·湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)Finally，I worked harder than ever and made great progress in her math.____________________
her→my 解析：本句的主语是“I”，这里是指“我”取得进步，故用形容词性物主代词my。
8．(2017·河南毕业班适应性考试)A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid.____________________
him→her 解析：句意：一个人立即冲向那个女孩儿，对她进行急救。give的宾语是那个女孩儿，因此用her而非him。
语法填空
(2017·河南天一大联考)
Number 1 in Chinese Culture
Number 1 is the simplest number, but has 1.____________ most complex cultural meaning in Chinese culture. It has the meaning of the beginning, the origin, and the whole, 2.____________ was first suggested by Lao Zi, a wellknown philosopher in ancient China in his classic—Tao Te Ching. Meanwhile, this number 3.____________(regard) as “the mother of all creatures” by some other Chinese philosophers in ancient times. Chinese people respect it for its meaning of the first and winner as the same in Western culture. It is easy 4.____________(find) how people love the word from Chinese ancient literature. There are over 260 phrases and more than 420 idioms 5.____________(begin) with this word in Chinese language system. In Chinese culture, it is 6.____________ lucky nor unlucky. The 7.____________(combine) with some other numbers has positive meanings, such as 1314. 8.____________(it) pronunciation in Chinese sounds similar to lifetime, which is widely used between 9.____________(lover). Sometimes, 1(Yi in Chinese pinyin) sounds similar to the word “You”(Ni in Chinese pinyin). The common use of 5211314 in network language means “I love you forever”. 521 10.____________(simple) means “I love you”， which is the most beautiful line to all.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了数字1在中国传统文化中的含义。
1．the 解析：the most＋多音节形容词，表示：最……的。
2．which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。先行词在定语从句中作主语且表示“物”，故填which。
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3．was regarded 解析：考查谓语动词。本句介绍的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时；主语this number与regard为被动关系，故用被动语态。综上所述此空填was regarded。
4．to find 解析：it作形式主语，设空处需用不定式作真正的主语，故填to find。
5．beginning 解析：设空处需用非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词与begin为逻辑上的主动关系，故填beginning。
6．neither 解析：句意：在中国文化中，它既不是吉祥的也不是不吉祥的。根据本句中的nor可知设空处填neither。neither...nor...为固定结构，意为：既不……也不……
7．combination 解析：设空处在句中作主语，故用名词形式；再根据本句中谓语动词has可推知本空需填名词单数形式。综上所述，设空处填combination。
8．Its 解析：设空处需用形容词性物主代词its作pronunciation的定语。
9．lovers 解析：根据常识及between可知设空处填名词复数形式lovers。
10．simply 解析：设空处需用副词作means的状语，故填simply。
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