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第十讲 特殊句式
句式结构需把握
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment ____________ I first came across my new neighbors.
that 解析：此处是“It is/was...that...”强调句式，强调的是when引导的时间状语从句，故填that。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is，____________(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
make 解析：句中动词短语置于句首，构成祈使句，故用动词原形。
3．(2016·天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____________ the coach picks up tourists.
that 解析：本题考查强调句型。at the hotel是被强调部分，缺少强调句式中的that，故填that。
4．(2017·陕西西安八校联考)As far as I can see, ____________ is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.
there 解析：句意：依我看，他没有赢得这次网球比赛的可能性。There is no possibility that...意为“没有……的可能性”，为there be 句型。故填there。
5．There is a house near the river.There lives a man in the house and there ____________ (be) a lot of fish in the river.
are 解析：此处表示河里有很多鱼。此处fish指的是鱼不是鱼肉，fish单复数同形，故谓语动词用复数are。
6．You should be fully prepared before going walking in the mountain.Above all，____________(bring)plenty of drinking water with you.
bring 解析：分析句子结构可知后一句缺少谓语，此处为祈使句结构。句意：去山里散步之前，你应该做好充分的准备。最重要的是，要带足够多的饮用水。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．强调句式
(1)强调句式的常用结构
陈述句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...?
It is/was not until...＋that...
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It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。
It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed.
昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。
Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket?
你是昨天在超市遇到你的老朋友的吗？
(2)强调谓语动词
强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。
The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
家里的确设法让他上技术学校。
2．祈使句
祈使句表“请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告”等。基本结构为：“动词(短语)原形＋连词＋句子(一般用将来时)”。有时为了加强感情色彩或特别指明向谁发出命令或要求时，可以加上you，Mary，girls等作为称呼。
Tom，water the flowers today！ 汤姆，今天浇花！
3．反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简单问句，本着“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，附加问句部分的动词以及主语取决于陈述句。
Your parents had a long talk with you last weekend, didn’t they?
你的父母上周末和你进行了一次长谈，是吗？
祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you或者won’t you的形式。Let’s开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。
4．There be结构
There be/stands/lies...
There is no possibility that...
There is no sense of doing sth.
There is no need to do sth.
There seems to be...
there be句型的主谓一致，如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词be应该和离它最近的主语保持一致。
The Public Square is a famous sight of the city.There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.
大众广场是这个城市著名的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。
5．感叹句
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(1)what引导的感叹句
①What＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)!
What a good heart you have!
你的心肠真好！
②What＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词复数！
What interesting stories he’s told us!
他给我们讲的故事真有趣！
(2)how引导的感叹句
①How＋adj./adv. (＋主语＋谓语)!
How clever the boy is!
这男孩真聪明！
②How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)!
How clever a boy he is!
这男孩真聪明！
倒装原则要记牢
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1.(2017·四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill____________ (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
lies 解析：当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后，还原成正常语序为：An old cottage____________(lie) at the top of the hill.句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。
2．(天津卷)Only after Mary read her composition the second time ____________she notice the spelling mistake.
did 解析：当only修饰的时间状语位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，且由本句时态可知应用一般过去时，故填did。句子还原为正常语序为：Mary noticed the spelling mistake only after she read her composition the second time.。
3．So necessary____________ I found it to learn about my kid’s schoolwork that I will visit his teachers next week.
have 解析：考查so...that倒装句式，正常语序为I have found it so necessary to learn about my kid’s schoolwork that I will visit his teachers next week.。
4. Not a single word ____________ he say when he was asked, which made his parents angry.
did 解析：否定副词not位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，由when he was
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asked可知应用助动词did倒装。
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．在下列情形下需要使用部分倒装：
(1)当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little，few，never，seldom, rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time, under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way, no sooner，hardly，scarcely等。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。
Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.
我不知道这件事，也不关心。
(2)当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。
(湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
只有当你找到内心的平静时你才能与他人保持良好的关系。
(3)so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。
They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。
(4)在so/such...that...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。
(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
Hard as they tried，they couldn’t make her change her mind.
尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。
2．在下列情形下需要使用完全倒装：
(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
The moment the bell rang，out rushed the children.
铃一响，孩子们冲了出去。
(2)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。
Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have settled into life in China.
我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。
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,[学生用书P41] )
单句语法填空
1．(2017·湖北四地七校联考)However，like so many other things，it is only too much stress ____________ does you harm.
that 解析：句意：但是，像很多其他的事情一样，只有太多的压力才会伤害到你。去掉it is及设空处，句子结构和意义仍然完整，因此此句为强调句，其基本句型为“It is/ was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”。本句被强调的部分为事物，故填that。
2．(2017·山东部分重点中学第二次联考)Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but ____________ seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts.
there 解析：句意：当然他们在这里庆祝圣诞节，而且很明显商店和圣诞节市场里有很多展览品，但是似乎没有圣诞广告的迹象。考查there be句型，be动词可用lie，exist，seem，remain等替代。
3．(2017·湖北襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten years ago ____________ I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are friends，always pushing us to move on.
that 解析：分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，所以填that。
4．(2017·江西九江高三一模)I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol, and ____________ was my friend Mike.
so 解析：根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so，构成“so＋谓语动词＋主语”这种倒装结构，表示“……也……”。
5．(2017·广西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while ____________ (train) him.
training 解析：根据宾语him判断，train在此是动词，其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，且二者为主动关系，故填现在分词。
6．(2017·湖北荆州中学质检)Only then ____________ we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.
did 解析：句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“only＋状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。
7．(2017·江苏苏锡常镇四市调研)One has reason to believe that China’s anticorruption over the past few years，tough ____________ it is，has achieved inspiring progress.
as/though 解析：句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用了形式倒装。
8．(2017·江苏连云港灌南华侨双语学校月考)Now, just in front of the house
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____________(stand) a tall tree with a history of 100 years.
stands 解析：句意：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时间状语Now可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为单数第三人称，故填stands。
9．(2017·湖北荆门调研)It wasn’t until in high school ____________ I began to trust other people again.
that 解析：句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。
10．(2017·江西樟树中学等六校一联)In that way，World Read Aloud Day ____________ (do) help make a difference.
does 解析：句意：通过那种方式，世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。本句主语为单数第三人称，设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形help，根据提示词do可知本题考查强调。do/does/did放在实义动词前表示强调。本句主语为单数第三人称，故填does。
单句改错
1．(2017·福建福州八中高三质检)Therefore, it was no doubt that I was left alone, suffering from loneliness and failure.____________________
it→there 解析：there is no doubt that...是一个固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”。
2．(2017·湖南株洲教学质量检测)How an interesting country to live in！____________________
How→What 解析：根据后面的名词country可知，应用what引起感叹。
3．(2017·河南百校联盟教学质量检测)There was many tasks I had to finish.Besides，I attended English and Math training classes because of my weaknesses in the two subjects.____________________
was→were 解析：考查there be...句型的主谓一致。be动词的单复数取决于后面紧邻的主语的单复数，此处主语为复数，be动词应用复数，故将was改为were。
4．(2017·湖南长沙一模)Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow.____________________
Doing→Do 解析：该句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句句首应用动词原形，故将Doing改为Do。
5．(2017·山西重点中学协作体一模)When taken exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.____________________
taken→taking 解析：句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好结果来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。本题考查省略。将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词去掉，
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故将taken改为taking。
6．(2017·山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don’t.There is several reasons.____________________
第二个is→are 解析：句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故将There is改为There are。
7．(2017·湖南衡阳八中、永州市四中一联)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.____________________
which→that 解析：句意：是团队合作而不是我自己单打独斗使我克服了困难并使我的工作效率更高。本句考查强调句型。强调句型为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。由此可见需将which改为that。
8．(2017·河北衡水中学调研)Once upon a time，it was a boy whose parents name him Odd.
____________________
it→there 解析：句意：从前有一个男孩儿，他的父母给他取名叫Odd。本题考查“there be”句型，意为：有……
短文改错
(2017·福建龙岩五校联考)While taking walk with my pet dog this morning，I found a middleaged man nearby was shouting on her phone.Obviously, he had a badly day.After he left，I noticed his key on the ground.So I immediately picked them up and ran away from to find the man.Several minutes later, I found him, whom was still shouting on his phone beside his car.I walked to him and ask if he could hold on a few seconds.At first, he was angrily about my interruption.Then I showed his keys or explained the whole thing.On hearing my words, he immediately hung up his phone and apologized for his rude.
答案：
While taking walk with my pet dog this morning，I found a middleaged man nearby was shouting on phone.Obviously, he had a day.After he left，I noticed his on the ground.So I immediately picked them up and ran away to find the man.Several minutes later, I found him, was still shouting on his phone beside his car.I walked to him and if he could hold on a few seconds.At first, he was about my interruption.Then I showed his keys explained the whole thing.On hearing my words, he immediately hung up his phone and apologized for his .
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