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第二讲 词义猜测题
题型1 猜测单词类
[示例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But I’m just not creative.”
27．What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Mistake. B．Drawback.
C．Difficulty. D．Burden.
[解题思路]
第一步 阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词
①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.
②I__ran__the__risk__of__losing__those__students__who__had__a__different__style__of__thinking.
第二步 对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答 ____B____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)The underlined word...probably means____________．
(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word...?
2．“文中信息”巧利用
(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。
(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。
(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。
(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。
(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。
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题型2 猜测短语类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，D)To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the__water__catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45degreeangled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The tube. B．The still.
C．The hole. D．The cup.
[解题思路]
第一步 速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。
To__construct__a__working__still,__use__a__sharp__stick__or__rock__to__dig__a__hole__four__feet__across__and__three__feet__deep.
第二步 对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答 ____B____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)The underlined phrase...could be replaced by____________．
(2)What does the underlined phrase...refer to?
2．“语境分析”猜短语
短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。
3．明晰干扰选项特征
短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：
(1)短语的字面意思；
(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；
(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。
题型3 猜测指代类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，C)
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
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It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
[解题思路]
第一步 通读全文，找出代词所在语句
It’s__Jason__Moran’s__job__to__help__change__that.
第二步 试找出该代词所代替的词语
此处change that可知that代指上文the music has failed to connect with younger generations。
尝试解答 ____C____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them...” refer to?
(2)The underlined part “it/that/they...”(in Para...) refers to____________．
2．“就近原则”判指代
此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one，which等)或代动词(do，does，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：
(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...)。
(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。
(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。
题型4 猜测句意类
[示例] (2017·浙江卷，A)The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The__cat’s__lot__was__about__to__improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr.Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might
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take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
22．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A．The cat would be closely watched.
B．The cat would get some medical care.
C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
[解题思路]
第一步 速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子
①Before__long,__the__cat__began__to__look__ragged(蓬乱)．
②When__he__went__home,__he__sent__Benjamin__a__box__of__paint__and__some__brushes.
第二步 对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案
由上一段为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。
尝试解答 ____D____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)Which of the following best explains the underlined part...?
(2)What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence above?
(3)What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Para...?
**************
2．“意义吻合”定句意
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。
(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。
[状元技法]
顺藤摸瓜——猜测词义类题目
1．做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。
2．重视并列或转折关系。常见的几种逻辑关系词：
but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/or else/unlike/instead/rather than/by contrast/compared to/on the contrary/on the other hand/either...or...
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3．重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：
to be defined as/to be called/to mean/to refer to/that is(to say)/in other words/namely
,[学生用书P47] )
A
(2017·云南高三检测一)My doorbell rings at 11 a．m. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady. She is small and slight. She holds a paper carrier bag in her hands.
I know this lady. It is by no means her first visit. Her daughter, Nicole, bought the house next door last October.Nicole, who is currently in Shanghai, has apparently told her mother that I am having heart surgery shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided I need to be supplied with meals.
I know what is inside the paper carrier bag—a stainless steel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp. This has become an almostdaily occurrence.
Communication between my benefactor(恩人) and me is somewhat handicapped by the fact that she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “ hello”. Once, she brought an iPad and pointed to the screen, which displayed a message from Nicole telling me that her mother wanted to know if the food was all right.
“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time，” I protested. “ I can hardly reciprocate by cooking something from my native land, like roast beef or Yorkshire pudding for her, ”I said.
“Oh, no，” Nicole said. “Don’t worry about that. She has to cook for the family anyway, and she wants to do it for you. You can call her Wing, which is her surname. ”
The tenant in my basement suite is a university student who speaks Mandarin quite well, so with her help, I have found out that Wing is 68—13 years younger than I am. For my part, I was raised in wartime Britain.
So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the other’s language. But the doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing.
Right now I am working on some more Mandarin words—it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness.
“Thank you” is, of course, the first one, which somehow seems inadequate.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。
1. The author and Wing got to know each other________．
A．as next door neighbors
B．when exchanging meals
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C．by sharing similar experiences
D．after using an iPad to communicate
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“I know this lady...Her daughter，Nicole，bought the house next door last October.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。
2．The underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”．
A．do as well B．offer generously
C．give in return D．accept with pleasure
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。
3．The author’s effort to learn Mandarin shows her________．
A．great satisfaction B．real kindness
C．heartfelt thanks D．sincere friendship
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。
B
(2017·云南高三检测二)Half of primary schools will adopt the traditional Chinese method of maths teaching in a Government drive to stop British youngsters from falling behind their__Asian__counterparts．
Youngsters in the U．K. lag way behind those in China, Singapore and Japan in numeracy(计算能力). In the latest PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests for 15－year－olds, Shanghai came top in maths while the U．K. came 26th.
The school will give up “child－centred” styles and instead return to repetition, drills and “chalk and talk” whole－class learning. Primary school children will be taught “Shanghai maths” as British schools copy Chinese teaching methods to improve standards. So far 140 teachers have been trained in the approach.
Currently, classes are often divided into groups based on ability. Critics blame the British teaching styles that focused on applying maths to real－life situations in an effort to make the subject more interesting. They say this has led to confusion and stopped children learning the basics. Under the Government’s new plans, children as young as five will have drills to practise
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sums and exercises, and must master each concept before moving to the next.
Nick Gibb, the schools minister, said that training will be provided for 8，000 primary schools—half the country’s total—to switch to the Shanghai “mastery” approach.
“We are seeing a renaissance(复兴) in maths teaching in this country, with good ideas from around the world helping to cheer up our classrooms，” he said.
[解题导语] 本文是一则新闻报道。英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的数学教学模式来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。
4．The underlined words “their Asian counterparts” in Paragraph 1 refer to____________．
A．the weak pupils in Asia
B．the young students in Asia
C．the primary schools in Asia
D．the maths teachers in Asia
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“British youngsters”可知，此处指英国政府将在半数英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落后于亚洲同龄人。由此可推断出，画线部分指的是Asian youngsters，即亚洲的少年们。故选B。
5．Which of the following is an approach of “Shanghai maths”？
A．Children can choose to learn what interests them.
B．Children are given different work based on their ability.
C．Children are taught in groups rather than as an entire class.
D．Children are required to master a concept before they progress.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的．..and must master each concept before moving to the next.可知，“上海数学”要求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握每一个概念。故选D。
6．Recently, some British maths teachers have been trained to____________．
A．increase the difficulty level
B．conduct “child－centred” classes
C．guide students to repeat and drill
D．meet the needs of smart students
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的The school will give up “child－centred” styles and instead return to repetition, drills and “chalk and talk” whole－class learning.并结合第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。故选C。
7．What is Nick Gibb’s attitude toward the new teaching style?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
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C．Cautious. D．Negative.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，Nick Gibb非常支持这种新的教学模式。故选A。
专题强化训练11 词义猜测题——猜测单词类/短语类[学生用书P97(单独成册)]
A
(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude(感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn’t really done anything yet.
I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend’s mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn’t want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.” I did, and I will never regret it.
Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others’ presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.
In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.
[解题导语] 本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。
1．Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?
A．He built shelters for them.
B．He gave immediate first aid to them.
C．He came to stay with them.
D．He brought mental health professionals.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer ‘psychological first aid’ and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence.”可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。
2．What did the author do when his friend’s mother passed away?
A．He hesitated over whether to go.
B．He went to his friend’s at once.
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C．He knew what to do instantly.
D．He decided not to disturb his friend.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn’t want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。
3．What does the underlined word “solemn” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Heavy but warm.
B．A little sad but cosy.
C．Relaxing and delightful.
D．Very serious and unhappy.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“His family, playing guitars and singing”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...no means”和第三段第二句中的“a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。
4．What has the author learned from his experience?
A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B．Being present can make a big difference.
C．The family harmony is the happiest thing in life.
D．Being a volunteer can make one’s life more significant.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。
B
(2017·重庆调研推测二)As the world becomes more connected, the number of people living outside their home country is on the rise. To find out what makes expats(移民) happy in their new hometown, the global community network InterNations recently conducted their annual Expat Insider survey.
In Malta, warm weather and nearness to Europe are the big draws for this Mediterranean nation. The climate leads to a slower pace of life.
“Some shops have a ‘siesta’ early in the afternoon, and many people notice slow service at the restaurants，” said an InterNations Consul from Rome. “I remember sitting at a table around 8 p．m. once and leaving at midnight! We only had a starter and one main.”
In Ecuador, friendly people, affordable healthcare and tasty, cheap food are just a few
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reasons as to why expats love living in Ecuador. Plus, the country’s diverse cities give expats a lot of choices.
“The beauty of Ecuador is the variety，” said an InterNations ambassador. “The people who come to retire in Ecuador often look for a lower cost of living, so the coastline, the southern part of Ecuador and Ambato will fit this type of expat. In the case of business－minded or outgoing expats, Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca are the cities to live in.” The bigger cities do come at a cost, he warned, with higher prices for rent and eating out.
In New Zealand, the country’s natural beauty draws people from across the world, and with easy access to both cities and beaches, expats usually adopt the local relaxed lifestyle.
An InterNations Ambassador from Hong Kong notes that a typical Kiwi works 8：30 a．m. to 5 p．m., never overtime, and enjoys meals and weekend activities, like house parties, road trips or hiking, with their family.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项目的在于弄清是什么使移民人士在新家乡感到快乐的调查研究。
5．What is InterNations’ survey for?
A．To study why the number of expats is on the rise.
B．To make clear what the exact number of expats is.
C．To look into how expats adopted their new hometown.
D．To discover what pleases expats in their adopted countries.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句To find out what makes expats(移民) happy in their new hometown, the global community network InterNations recently conducted their annual Expat Insider survey.可知，InterNations的调查是为了弄清楚是什么令移民人士对他们移民的国家感到满意。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “siesta” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Sale. B．Break.
C．Promotion. D．Exhibition.
B 解析：词义猜测题。由上文中的“slower pace of life”可知，这些地方的生活节奏很慢，饭店的服务也很慢，由此可推知，商店在下午早早就打烊了。“siesta”应意为“休息”，与B项意思最为接近。故选B。
7．What do we know about the expats to Ecuador?
A．Rich expats would like to live in Ambato.
B．All the expats love the lower cost of living.
C．Outgoing expats are likely to choose Cuenca.
D．The bigger cities are the best choices for poor expats.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第五段第三句In the case of business－minded or outgoing expats,
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Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca are the cities to live in.可知，性格外向的移民可能会选择昆卡作为定居的城市。故选C。
8．Expats choose New Zealand because of its____________．
A．special climate B．typical animals
C．natural beauty D．fast pace of life
C 解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，移民选择新西兰主要是因为它的自然美景。故选C。
C
(2017·银川4月检测)Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don’t even notice that they’re doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won’t feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawnout increases in blood pressure can cause longterm health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don’t keep your legs crossed.
“Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，” explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins__and__needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。
9．What can we learn about crossing one’s legs?
A．It is a very bad social habit.
B．It is usually practiced deliberately.
C．It can do harm to people’s health.
D．It can make others feel uncomfortable.
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C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。
10．According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can________．
A．affect your blood pressure
B．resist gravity effectively
C．lead to heart attacks easily
D．improve the function of legs
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。
11．In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means “________”．
A．slightly sharp pains
B．being a little tired
C．serious muscle injuries
D．being highly flexible
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。
12．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To compare common habits.
B．To give readers some advice.
C．To evaluate the effects of an experiment.
D．To introduce research methods.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。
专题强化训练12 词义猜测题——猜测指代类/句意类[学生用书P99(单独成册)]
A
(2017·广州检测)We all know the feeling: looking at the computer screen, pretending to be
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interested in our homework, even though we really feel bored. But such feelings may soon be at an end, says Dr. Harry Witchel, head of the Essex Medical School. He believes that computers of the future will notice when people feel bored and even take action to stop it．
Before you get concerned, the machine won’t be reading your mind. It will be observing the many movements you make while using a computer. It’s not interested in the big movements needed to use the machine—like moving a mouse or touching a screen—but small, barely noticeable movements like closing your eyes, moving in your seat or rubbing your face. Witchel calls these “boredom movements” and says they show how interested the person is in what they are reading or watching. The higher the interest level, the less movement!
To test his theory, Witchel invited 27 people to perform various computer－based tasks. The activities ranged from playing online games (an interesting task) to reading documents like government laws that most people would find boring.
A special video camera followed the participants’ movements as they completed each task. Just as the researcher expected, the “boredom movements” greatly decreased, by as much as 42%, when the subjects were very interested in what they were reading or seeing.
Fortunately, Dr. Witchel isn’t planning to use his results to create machines that report students who are not paying attention at school. Instead, he wants “movement sensing” technology to be built into future computers in order to improve students’ computer－based learning experience.
The scientist says that by measuring the students’ interest level as they work, educators will be able to adjust their materials in real－time to keep students focused. Witchel also believes that the technology can provide filmmakers with honest audience opinions and in the future, help to develop more intelligent robots.
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。Witchel博士所做的一项实验表明：当人们感兴趣于读或看的内容时，无聊感就会有所下降。所以可以将该项结果应用于教育中，通过实时调整学习材料提高学生的学习兴趣。
1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Homework. B．A computer.
C．Boredom. D．The future.
C 解析：代词指代题。由第一段最后一句He believes that computers of the future will notice when people feel bored and even take action to stop it．及语境可推断出，“it”指人们的无聊。故选C。
2．Why did Dr. Witchel carry out his research?
A．To discover how bored people move.
B．To find out what makes people bored.
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C．To see if interested people are more active.
D．To test the link between boredom and movement.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第二段最后两句Witchel calls these “boredom movements” and says they show how interested the person is in what they are reading or watching. The higher the interest level, the less movement！可推断出，Witchel做研究的目的是测试无聊和活动之间的关系。故选D。
3．Which movement would Witchel’s technology most likely pay attention to?
A．Turning off the machine.
B．Typing words on a keyboard.
C．Surfing quickly between webpages.
D．Moving one’s head from side to side.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第二段第三句It’s not interested in the big movements needed to use the machine—like moving a mouse or touching a screen—but small, barely noticeable movements like closing your eyes, moving in your seat or rubbing your face.可推知，这项技术会注意到一个人头部的移动。故选D。
4．How will the new technology help education, according to Witchel?
A．By reducing teachers’ workload.
B．By maintaining students’ learning interest.
C．By reporting students’ misbehavior in class.
D．By making learning more like a computer game.
B 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第一句The scientist says that by measuring the students’ interest level as they work, educators will be able to adjust their materials in real－time to keep students focused.可知，这种新技术可以帮助学生维持他们的学习兴趣。故选B。
B
(2017·河南实验中学模拟)The police in Taiwan are unable to judge whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat. Either way, it could be the perfect crime, because the criminals are birds—homing pigeons!
The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car: If you want the car back, pay up. Then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside. Carrying the money in a tiny bag, the pigeon flies off.
There have been at least four such pigeon pick－ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay－at－home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind—one that avoids not only collecting money but also going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has pulled a
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double trick: He gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car－owner to place an ad in the newspaper asking for help.
The theory is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded—under 3，000 Taiwan dollars—seems too little for a car worth many times more.
Demands for pigeon－delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do，” he said.
[解题导语] 本文介绍了一种新型的犯罪行为。台湾的警察无法断定这到底是聪明的盗窃行为还是更加聪明的诈骗行为，因为罪犯是信鸽。
5．After the car－owner received a phone call, he________．
A．went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carried
B．gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a park
C．sent some money to the thief by mail
D．told the press about it
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside.可知，车主接到电话后，他会被指示去某个公园找到鸟笼，把钱系到鸟笼内鸽子的脖子上。故选A项。
6．The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned” to show________．
A．how easily people get fooled by criminals
B．what Chen thinks might be correct
C．the thief is extremely clever
D．the money paid is too little
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的He gets money for things he cannot possibly return.可知，警察认为那些丢车的人根本不可能拿回他的车。故选B项。
7．The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to____________．
A．criminals B．pigeons
C．the stolen cars D．demands for money
D 解析：词义猜测题。上文提到一旦报纸报道了这件事，这样的事情就没有了。由此可知they就是指代上文提到的Demands for pigeon－delivered money。故选D项。
8．We may infer that the criminal knows how to reach the car－owners because____________．
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A．he reads the ads in the newspaper
B．he lives in the same neighborhood
C．he has seen the car－owners in the park
D．he has trained the pigeons to follow them
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句．.. waits for the car－owner to place an ad in the newspaper asking for help.可知，罪犯看了报纸上的广告然后找到丢车的人。故选A项。
C
(2017·山西省际名校联考)This time last year I entered two longdistance massparticipation swimming events, including the Jubilee River 10 km swim.At the last minute, just before both swims, I decided to pull out.The reality is, I live in fear of coming last.
Last year, before the two events, I realized that I couldn’t deal with coming last.I had looked at the swim times of those who had completed the previous year and calculated that, at my current swim pace, I would probably have come last in both.I just couldn’t face it.But when next year came around, I decided to enter those same events again.
For a few months, I trained hard, but I didn’t get any faster.Then it was June 5, the day of the Jubilee River 10 km.The event started at 9：30 a．m., and the swimmers were anxious and eager to start.As I swam along, the river was quiet and clean and everything was peaceful.The sun shone. Meadows(草地) rolled by and every now and then someone would wave at the scene unfolding in the water.
As the day wore on, somehow I didn’t mind that, predictably, almost everyone was ahead.There were at least some swimmers still near me, and although we shared the same river we quietly occupied our own spaces.As I concentrated on doing my own thing, watching the sky, the bank, the other swimming caps passing or not passing, I realized I was enjoying myself.
In the end, four hours and 29 minutes after I’d started, I staggered(摇摇晃晃地走) out of the water and was greeted with a smile and a “well done” from the race organizer.I glanced back over my shoulder toward the water and noticed that there were a small handful of swimmers who were still to finish, behind me, out of a field of around 300 swimmers.But it didn’t matter.I__was__just__relieved,__proud__and__happy__to__finish.
As I drove away, my thoughts turned to my next long race of the season and how much I was looking forward to it, my fears of coming last gently receding(渐渐远去)．
[解题导语] 作者参加10公里游泳比赛，把名次看得不重要，而是享受比赛的过程。
9．The author intended to quit swimming mainly because ________．
A．she feared that she couldn’t finish the two races
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B．she was afraid that she would let family members down
C．she was unwilling to accept the possibility of finishing last
D．she wasn’t fully prepared for the two races
C 解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的At the last minute, just before both swims, I decided to pull out.The reality is, I live in fear of coming last.可知，是因为她不愿意接受最后一次完成的可能性。故选C。
10．The author hopes to convey the message that ________．
A．never give up when facing challenges
B．it is process that matters most
C．failure is the mother of success
D．winners always take it all
B 解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段的As I concentrated on doing my own thing, watching the sky, the bank, the other swimming caps passing or not passing, I realized I was enjoying myself.可知，作者享受比赛的过程。故选B。
11．What does the underlined sentence mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．She took pride in leaving all the other swimmers behind.
B．She was proud that she was not the last one in the race.
C．She was glad to finish the race and had a sense of relief.
D．She was proud to be praised by the organizer.
C 解析： 句意猜测题。根据第五段中的I glanced back over my shoulder toward the water and noticed that there were a small handful of swimmers who were still to finish, behind me, out of a field of around 300 swimmers.But it didn’t matter.可知，成绩虽然不理想，但是作者认为并不重要，可知，作者很高兴完成比赛，有一种欣慰感。故选C。
12．It can be inferred from the end that the author is likely to ________．
A．participate in another race without any hesitation
B．analyze the reason why she failed in the race
C．lose confidence completely
D．decide whether she is suitable for the race
A 解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段的As I drove away...my fears of coming last gently receding(渐渐远去)．可知，作者会毫不犹豫地参加另一次比赛，因为她在享受比赛。故选A。
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