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第三讲 │ 任务型作文之二——写好拓展句和结尾句
概括后要根据要点来写作，文章的一个段落通常包括主题句和拓展句两部分(有的还有结尾句)。其中，主题句一般位于段首，提出段落主题、确定段落发展方向及展开模式，而拓展句则用以阐述、论证、支持主题句的要点，使段落更加丰满。
一般来说，围绕主题句展开拓展句的模式有以下几种：
1.解释原因
例如：在大城市工作有什么好处。
Working in a big city is of course an exciting thing，which means better opportunities and more conveniences.It’s easier to find a well-paid job or a better platform to improve oneself.
2.列举支撑点
例如：我们如何做才能改善环境。
If we want to improve environment then we need to change the way we behave.On the one hand，we need to buy appliances that are more energy efficient and limit the amount of time we use them.On the other hand，to reduce the effect the greenhouse gases have on our atmosphere，we should plant more trees.
3.举例
例如：成长环境对学生的影响。
Since students are brought up in different environments，they will have different habits and characters，which will cause many conflicts in daily life.In such cases，these youngsters will often act impulsively，quarreling or even fighting with his or her classmates because of some trivial things.They may curse each other with hatred words or ask their friends to isolate these students.What’s worse，they may find some excuses to hurt，beat or even bully those who have conflicts with them.
4.比较和对比
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例如：是不是越快越好？
Is it the faster the better? Many people believe that the faster the better，because they can save time in this way.However，others including me hold the opinion that，in many situations，the result is far less than being satisfactory and quite often goes to the opposites.Haste makes waste.
5.细化主题句
例如：你所喜欢的体育项目对你的影响。
As far as I’m concerned，I’m fond of jogging which is very essential in my life.On one hand，it’s not a rough sport and convenient to do every day，from which I relax myself a lot and refresh my mind.On the other hand，it strengthens my suppleness，endurance and perseverance to deal with the difficulties in my study.
6.引出经历
例如：讲述你(或你朋友)因为太多干扰而受到影响的经历。
This reminds me of what happened when I entered high school as a Senior One student.I was so excited to find that there were various student organizations and after-class activities for us students.It seemed that many groups were suitable for me.During this term，I was attracted whenever there was a notice from a student group and I was eager to find out more about it.As a result，I didn’t spend enough time on my studies，nor could I settle down to my homework every day.Consequently，I failed in an important exam.
7.说明结果
例如：你对国家“禁止商场免费提供塑料袋的看法”。
It is necessary for the government to forbid shops from offering free plastic bags.With this ban，shopping customers would gradually form a habit of bringing environmentally-friendly bags with them so that the consumption of plastic bags would be greatly reduced.
文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：
1.首尾呼应，画龙点睛
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把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。例如“如何处理好学习和课外活动之间的关系”。
Thus，in my view，if we focus too much on any one，either study or after-school activities will be negatively affected.But with the right balance，both can improve.
2.重复主题句
结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。例如“我更喜欢传统购物”的结尾：
As for me，I prefer traditional shopping.It is really fun to go into shops and look at the goods in person...
So traditional shopping is better than Internet shopping.
3.重申主题
例如“客观分析去外地读大学的好处”的结尾：
All in all，I’m fully convinced that to study in another city is really a good way to enrich one’s life experience.
4.自然结尾
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。例如 “老年人应该得到的待遇” 的结尾：
They’ve already contributed a lot to their family and society，so they deserve love from us all.
5.发出号召或呼吁
结尾表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。例如“乱扔垃圾现象”的结尾：
In conclusion，people’s littering habit is turning our communities into a rubbish holder.It is high time that we made joint efforts to solve the rubbish problem.Otherwise，we will live with rubbish in the future.
6.陈述积极意义
例如“对童年时期的生活有怎样的认识”的结尾：
All in all，as far as I am concerned，I think that flowers from a greenhouse can never withstand a storm and that a hard life is good for children.
7.提出解决问题的方法、建议
例如“你对周围爱吃零食的人的合理化建议”的结尾：
It’s highly advisable that those who are crazy about snacks should eat snacks when necessary.You’d better have some healthy snacks，which is much enough to add the
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necessary calories or nutrients but will not cause health problems.
8.表明决心
例如“对将来能上重点大学”的结尾：
I am convinced that I will be admitted into a key university if I put all my heart into study.
一、根据所给主题句写出相应的拓展句
1.Treasure Time珍惜时光
An__English__proverb__says__that__time__is__money.I__consider__it__wrong.Why?__Because__we__all__know__that__we__can__earn__money__but__can__not__get__time__back.For__this__reason，we__may__say__that__time__is__more__valuable__than__money.
Many__people__do__not__know__the__value__of__time.It__is__indeed__a__great__pity.We__must__bear__in__mind__that__wasting__time__is__equal__to__wasting__your__life.
2.On Diligence论勤勉
There__is__a__saying__that__goes，“Achievement__is__founded__on__diligence__and__wasted__upon__laziness.”
It__is__widely__accepted__that__diligence__will__bring__us__success，wealth__and__good__luck.I__am__sure__that__a__hard-working__person__can__always__succeed__in__the__work__which__he__wants__to__do.This__is__unchangeable__truth.
Idleness__is__the__opposite__of__diligence.It__is__the__source__of__all__evil.An__idle__man__only__enjoys__playing__and__making__pleasures.Therefore，he__is__bound__to__fail__and__he__can__never__experience__the__happiness__brought__about__by__success.
3.Knowledge is Power知识就是力量
As__a__popular__saying__goes，“Knowledge__is__power.”__With__our__country__developing__fast，knowledge__is__becoming__more__and__more__important.
First__of__all，with__knowledge__one__can__easily__find__jobs.We__are__entering__a__new__age__of__
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information，and__knowledge__is__needed__by__a__lot__of__jobs.In__addition，more__knowledge__is__also__needed__to__make__our__life__rich__and__fulfilled.Therefore，we__must__try__hard__to__acquire__as__much__knowledge__as__we__can.
4.On Honesty论诚信
There__is__an__English__proverb__that__goes__“Honesty__is__the__best__policy.”__It__shows__the__importance__of__honesty.
Firstly，honesty__is__deeply__valued__by__people__from__all__over__the__world.People__everywhere__regard__honesty__as__a__virtue__and__hate__a__dishonest__person.Secondly，honesty__is__the__basis__of__interactions__among__people.People__should__treat__each__other__sincerely__and__open__their__hearts__to__each__other.Only__in__this__way__can__we__build__a__harmonious__society.
5.How to Get Happiness如何获得快乐
There__is__no__doubt__that__happiness__is__the__most__precious__thing__in__the__world.Without__it，life__will__be__empty__and__meaningless.If__you__wish__to__know__how__to__get__happiness，you__must__pay__attention__to__the__following__two__points.
First，health__is__the__key__to__happiness.Health__is__the__best__wealth__(that)__a__man__can__possess.Money__can__do__many__things，but__it__cannot__buy__happiness.Therefore，only__when/if__a__man__has__good__health__can__he__enjoy__the__pleasures__of__human__life.
Second，happiness__consists__in__contentment.A__man__who__is__always__dissatisfied__with__his__present__condition__can__never__experience__happiness.
二、根据提示完成相应的结尾句
1.你读了这个故事的感受。(个人成长需要艰难生活的磨砺；否则会像文中的蝴蝶一样实现不了目标)
The story sets me thinking a lot.Our life is more or less like this.Sometimes，struggles__or__obstacles__in__our__life__are__a__must__for__our__growth.It is these
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struggles or hardships that increase our willpower and contribute to our success.Without these trials，we__could__never__achieve__our__life__goal__just__as__the__butterfly__did__in__the__story.
2.保持好心情的重要性。(总之，只有保持好心情才能快乐、健康成长)
When we are free of worries，we can become healthier，study more efficiently and get along better with other people.In__a__word，only__when__we__have__a__good__mood__can__we__grow__up__happily__and__healthily.
3.如果有机会，你会就此问题对父母说些什么。(不要对我过度关注；爱就要放手)
If I had the chance to talk with my parents about this，I would like to tell them that I can manage without their hovering over me! I’d like to say to them，“Please__let__go__of__your__anxiety.Give__me__some__advice__just__when__necessary，and__for__most__of__the__time，let__me__think__for__myself.Your__love__should__never__be__a__burden__on__me.Love__me，and__let__me__fly__with__it.”
4.呼吁人们多读书。(希望每个人每年都能读些书)
There are books on every subject written for almost every level of understanding.Therefore，we are able to make our own choices.I__hope__everyone__can__read__a__certain__number__of__books__every__year.
5.根据你的亲身经历，你觉得朋友给你的生活带来了什么？(朋友给了我信任、理解、温暖和感动，我非常感激我的朋友)
According to my experience，I think friends bring__me__not__only__trust，understanding__but__also__warmth，which made me moved a lot.How__grateful__I__am__to__my__friends！
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