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第六讲 │ 提纲作文
1.写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、内容以及文体。
2.每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次，段落的展开围绕提纲的中心和内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。
3.提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。还需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句，然后围绕主题句进行扩展。
4.收集材料支持主题句。材料可以是事实、例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主题相符，即要“扣题”，也要具有典型性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.内容：学习唐诗；
3.课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[材料分析] 随着时代的发展，电子邮件越来越受广大中学生的欢迎，所以写电子邮件是中学生经常做的事，这种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉。考生成文时应注意：1.要点要齐全：(1)时间和地点；(2)内容：学习唐诗；(3)课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。2.时态：以一般现在时为主；3.人称：第二人称为主；4.注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5.适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。
【参考范文】
Dear Leslie，
I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture.Now I’ll tell you the next learning programme.On July 20，we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall.As a foreign learner，it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture of them.Therefore，before class，you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems.
Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time.You cannot miss the wonderful poems.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
(2018·石家庄高三仿真)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter对中国春联(Spring Festival couplets)产生了浓厚兴趣，来信向你了解中国的春联文化。请你用英语写一封回信，为他介绍春联的用途、内容和寓意等。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
I’m glad to know you have interest in Spring Festival couplets.Now，let me introduce some details of them to you.
As a symbol of Chinese traditional culture，Spring Festival couplets are always stuck on the door or the wall of a house.They are necessities for Chinese people to celebrate the Spring Festival.Written with a writing brush on red paper，Spring Festival couplets use some positive words showing wishes for love，health，success，wealth，happiness and so on.They always have a theme，and they represent better life or successful future，and some of them include wishes and expectations.Of course，the topic of singing the praises of our motherland is another good choice.
Hope you find my introduction useful.
Yours，
Li Hua
写概括
1.(2018·南通市高三第一次调研测试)请阅读下面短文，用约30 个单词概括下述信息的主要内容。
Xue Zhaofeng，a professor from Peking University，reportedly has more than 170，000 subscribers to his online teaching course and could be making about 35 million yuan ($5.3 million) a year.Xue is only one among the hundreds of online teachers making millions of yuan a month.According to iResearch，an agency specializing in internet data collection，the online education market was worth 156 billion yuan by the end of last year，and it is expected to reach 260 billion yuan by 2019.
Online education has also found mention in this year’s Central Government Work Report，which Premier Li Keqiang delivered to the annual National People’s Congress.We can thus conclude that online education not only has huge economic potential，it also enjoys government support.
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Online education is not without problems，though.Some online “educators” are extremely popular yet they hardly teach students anything useful.Worse，there is hardly any supervision of online education agencies.A China Central TV report on Nov.17 said quite a high percentage of such agencies are being operated without the education bureaus’ knowledge.
【参考答案】
With the availability of rich educational resources，online education is becoming increasingly popular，bring online teachers and agencies a large fortune.However，online education has caused some problems worth paying attention to.
2.(2018·苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研)请认真阅读下面有关图片及文字，用约30 个单词概括下述信息的主要内容。
Chinese actress Liu Yifei is set to star as the titular female warrior in Disney’s live-action adaptation of the classic Chinese epic，Mulan.The film will be set for a release in 2019.
The original animated version in 1998 earned $304.3 million worldwide as well as Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations.
A Hero Born，the first volume of famous Chinese martial arts novelist Jin Yong’s Legends of the Condor Heroes，was published in English for the first time.After years of hard work，the 400-page translation，priced at 14.99 pounds($20.8)，finally hit bookstores.This latest translation project is the most ambitious with regard to Jin
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Yong’s works.
It’s been 14 years since customer services manager Anthony Gentles was inspired to cheer up the “blank faces”of passengers with wisdom from his favorite book，Tao Te Ching (道德经).
Mr.Gentles said offering up pearls of wisdom from ancient China was his way of trying to make people feel more welcome as they braved the Underground.
【参考答案】
What is conveyed above is that the Chinese culture is permeating diverse aspects all over the globe，there existing many instances.
漫画作文
请根据你对以下两幅图的理解，以“Opportunities favour the prepared mind ”为题，用英语写一篇作文。
你的作文应包括以下内容：
1.简要描述两幅图的内容；
2.概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解；
3.举例说明两幅图对你的启示。
注意：1.可参照图片适当发挥；
2.作文词数150左右；
3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
Opportunities favour the prepared mind
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【参考范文】
Opportunities favour the prepared mind
The two pictures reveal two men take completely different attitudes to building a bright future.In Picture 1，a man is dreaming of opportunities for a bright future，but without any action，while Picture 2 shows another man devotes himself to his studies to get fully prepared.
The message conveyed here is clear，“Opportunities favour the prepared mind.” The difference between the two lies only in the way each treats opportunities.Successful people always make adequate preparations to seize opportunities.Unsuccessful people，on the other hand，work little and just wait，seeing them pass by.
To further stress the importance of our attitude towards opportunities，let’s take Liu Xiang for example.In order to win the gold medal in the Olympics，he trained hard every day and eventually made it.Therefore，we should spare no efforts to fulfill our dreams.It’s universally acknowledged that we would accomplish nothing without actions and efforts.
图表作文
请认真阅读下面有关中国文化和西方文化的关系的柱状图并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.用约30词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2.谈谈你对中西方文化关系调查结果的启示(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
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2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
参考词汇：交融的 adj. convergent
【参考范文】
Half of the respondents believe Chinese culture and Western culture will be more diversified.About 35% of them think the two cultures can be convergent while the rest hold different opinions.
The survey results could be interpreted from the following perspectives.To begin with，the world is getting more interdependent，which means no single culture could be dominant over others.To survive and thrive，each culture needs to draw upon the strength among one another.In addition，because of the frequent interaction made possible by technology，people are now able to communicate with each other across time zones and countries.This has led to a tolerant attitude towards different cultures，allowing different voices to co-exist in the global discourse.Therefore，though there also exist other different opinions about the relationship between the two cultures，cooperation and sharing are the mainstream and trend.
In short，cultures will become more diversified，which I believe is a good phenomenon.
提纲作文
(2018·天津十二重点中学高三联考 )假设你是李津，天津某中学高三学生。春节刚过，你的加拿大笔友Susan发来邮件，询问你有关在春节期间天津市禁止燃放鞭炮的情况。请你给她回复邮件，要点如下：
1.春节燃放鞭炮的传统及意义；
2.自2018年起，在城区禁止燃放鞭炮的原因(污染，火灾，人身伤亡等)及市民遵守禁令的情况；
3.你对第一个无鞭炮燃放春节的感受。
注意：1.词数不少于100；
2.邮件的开头、结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
3.内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯，要点齐全，语句通顺。
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参考词汇：燃放鞭炮：set off firecrackers
Dear Susan，
I’m more than delighted to hear from you.
Yours，
Li Jin
【参考范文】
Dear__Susan，
I’m__more__than__delighted__to__hear__from__you.In response to your enquiry，I’d like to share some information concerning the ban on setting off firecrackers in Tianjin during this Spring Festival.
Just as you know，it is a tradition for the Chinese to set off firecrackers in order to increase festival atmosphere，which has a long history and reflects strong Chinese culture.However，in recent years，more and more relevant problems have been caused by this activity，including not only a large quantity of fires and more serious environmental pollution，but also countless injuries and even many deaths，which is the reason why the city government determined to put a ban on setting firecrackers in our city.
Since the ban came into effect on Jan.1，2018，we citizens all have obeyed the ban strictly.Thanks to the combined efforts by all the citizens，and for the first time we have spent a special festival without firecrackers.I feel extremely peaceful and happy in such a clean，secure and quiet festival.
Yours，
Li__Jin
(每篇限时20分钟)
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A
请认真阅读下列对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Lin Tao：Hi，Li Yan.
You’re riding a beautiful bike.
Li Yan：Really？It is from bike-sharing service.
Lin Tao：Do you often ride a shared bike？
Li Yan：Yes，I do.I like it.
Lin Tao：By the way，what do you know about the bike-sharing service in China？
Li Yan：It has taken off and the market has become flooded with more companies recently.
Lin Tao：How can we benefit from the service？
Li Yan：It’s very convenient for us to go out.It’s also a cheap way for our journey.It provides an effective solution to the “last kilometer” problem.
Lin Tao：I think I’ll love this means of transport too.
Li Jun：Oh，my God.Look at these bicycles.
Han Meimei：What a terrible thing！Are there any people who are in charge of these shared bicycles？
Li Jun：I don’t know.At least there should be some laws punishing those who damage those bicycles deliberately.
Han Meimei：Yes，the government should make laws to keep the bike-sharing service going well.
Li Jun：Users should also care about their behavior.
Han Meimei：That’s right.More strict rules should be made.Once the users are found damaging the bicycles，they can’t use the bicycles any more.
Li Jun：I agree.What else can be done to create a healthy bike-sharing market？
Han Meimei：The bike-sharing companies mustn’t give away users’ personal information.
Li Jun：I think so.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概括上述材料的主要内容；
2.用约120个单词谈谈你对“共享单车”的看法，并用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
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2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
The dialogues are mainly about the bike-sharing boom in our country，with more companies springing up in the market.Although the service brings great convenience to people，it also causes some problems.
On the one hand，we should encourage people to choose bike-sharing service，which really helps protect the environment and reduce traffic jams.Besides，this service also benefits individuals in various ways.For example，it provides local people and tourists with a convenient，cheap and healthy means of transport.On the other hand，regulations and policies about the bike-sharing service should be put in place.The government，companies and users should all play a role in making bike sharing sustainable and enjoyable.
In a word，bike sharing is an innovative service，which relieves urban traffic pressure and brings citizens enormous benefits.And more shared bikes should be launched into the market.
B
请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
On Nov.25，2016，Luo Er in the city of Shenzhen published an article about his 5-year-old daughter’s leukemia (白血病) to raise money for her treatment via WeChat，China’s most
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popular messaging app.According to the WeChat account，Luo raised more than 2 million yuan.
However，he was flooded with considerable criticism.On one hand，he was revealed as the owner of three apartments.On the other hand，the Shenzhen hospital treating Luo’s daughter confirmed that the five-year-old leukemia patient was receiving the highest level of medical care，but said the cost of the treatment totaled 200，000 yuan，with more than 82% of those expenses covered by government health insurance.That meant Luo raised about 75 times his spending on his daughter’s treatment via WeChat.On Nov.30，Shenzhen’s civil affairs authority said it had launched an investigation into the case.
Some Internet users said they thought the campaign may be a marketing exercise or even a downright fraud.“If it were me，I would never use this incident to push my kid in front of the public，” one Internet user wrote on China’s Weibo site.Another said，“I feel that we are cheated and I’ll save my kindness for others who truly need it and don’t write articles for marketing.”
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
(1)你对这一事件的看法；
(2)从“公平、诚信”等方面谈谈你得到的启示。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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【参考范文】
A father，who posted his daughter’s illness via WeChat to raise money for her treatment，was criticized by the public because he had the ability to cover the medical expenses.
I’m in complete disagreement with the behavior of the father.It’s apparent that raising money on the Internet is an effective way to help those in need，which can not only assist them in getting through the hardships but also be helpful in creating a harmonious society.However，this father can afford the medical expenses but turned to others for help，which betrayed the public’s trust and made them feel cheated.
As far as I’m concerned，only when one is in desperate need can they seek for help from others.Meanwhile，the government and relevant authorities should make efforts to enhance the supervision of the identity of those seeking help and get to the truth of their problems.
C
(2018·苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
下图反映的是一个来自哈佛大学关于人生规划对个人发展影响的调查结果。调查对象是一群智力、学历、环境等都相当的年轻人。请根据图表显示的调查结果用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
你的作文应包含以下内容：
1.简要描述图表中反映出的人生规划与发展现状的关系；
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2.谈谈人生规划的重要性；
3.结合自身实际，谈谈你的人生规划。
参考词汇：elite精英人士
注意：1.不必写标题；
2.可参照图表适当发挥；
3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
【参考范文】
As is clearly shown in the chart above，24% of the subjects with short-term and clear life planning，and 9% with long-term and clear planning，end up as successful people and elites respectively 25 years later while the rest with ambiguous planning，ordinary people.
There is no denying that the importance of life planning can’t be emphasized too much.Firstly，life planning can drive us to continue moving forward when we are in difficulty and arouse our passions for learning more.Moreover，without it，we might be in the dark about what to do，thus achieving nothing in the end.
As a Senior Three student，my current primary task is to put all my heart into study to ensure excellent academic performance，and taking a gap year to do voluntary work is also on my agenda.After that，I’ll go to college to major in what I’m interested in.
D
(2018·盐城市高三三模)请阅读下面图文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Each week，we provide a cartoon in need of a caption.You，the reader，submit a caption，we choose three finalists，and you vote for your favorite.Caption submissions for this week’s cartoon，by Paul Noth，must be received by Sunday，March 22nd.The finalists in the March 9th contest appear below.We will announce the winner，and the finalists in this week’s contest，in the April 6th issue.The winner receives a signed print of the cartoon.Any resident of the United States，Canada (except Quebec )，Australia，the United Kingdom，or the Republic of Ireland aged eighteen or over can enter or vote.To do so，and to read the complete rules，visit contest newyorker com.( THE NEW YORKER，March 23 )
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THE FINALISTS
“This looks like a good place to set up camp.”
Andrew Vuilleumier，New York City
“This town isn’t big enough for anyone.”
Ilan Moskowitz，Tenafly，N.J.
“Are you sure he said high tide？”
Alison Green ，New York City
THIS WEEK’S
COMPETITION
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概述大赛的主要内容；
2.从左侧漫画下方三则图片配词中选出你最喜欢的一句，并说明理由；
3.简述你对右侧漫画的理解，并为之写一句图片配词。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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【参考范文】
The New Yorker has started a cartoon caption competition，in which it picks out three finalists.Those who want to enter it or vote can obtain more information from its website.
When it comes to this week’s finalists，I’d like to show a preference for Andrew’s.There exists great humour in his caption，which makes a joke about the limited space the man in the cartoon can find.Meanwhile，the sharp contrast between the man’s intention to camp and the harsh reality accurately reflects the mass human destruction of nature.The caption writer has expressed his concern about the environmental problems in a smart way.
This week’s cartoon is rather interesting.A caged bird has aroused much curiosity among others living in nature.Personally，I will caption the cartoon “Look，we have a pet！” because I really believe we should be friends with animals rather than keeping them as pets.
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