第三讲
│
任务型作文之二
——
写好拓展句和结尾句
概括后要根据要点来写作，文章的一个段落通常包括主题句和拓展句两部分
(
有的还有结尾句
)
。其中，主题句一般位于段首，提出段落主题、确定段落发展方向及展开模式，而拓展句则用以阐述、论证、支持主题句的要点，使段落更加丰满。
一般来说，围绕主题句展开拓展句的模式有以下几种：
如何围绕主题句展开拓展句
1.
解释原因
例如：在大城市工作有什么好处。
Working in a big city is of course an exciting thing
，
which
means better opportunities and more
conveniences.It’s
easier to find a well
-
paid job or a better platform to improve oneself.
2.
列举支撑点
例如：我们如何做才能改善环境。
If we want to improve environment then we need to change the way we
behave.
On
the one hand
，
we need to buy appliances that are more energy efficient and limit the amount of time we use
them.
On
the other hand
，
to reduce the effect the greenhouse gases have on our atmosphere
，
we should plant more trees.
3.
举例
例如：成长环境对学生的影响。
Since students are brought up in different environments
，
they will have different habits and characters
，
which will cause many conflicts in daily
life.
In
such cases
，
these youngsters will often act impulsively
，
quarreling or even fighting with his or her classmates because of some trivial
things.They
may curse each other with hatred words or ask their friends to isolate these
students.What’s
worse
，
they may find some excuses to hurt
，
beat or even bully those who have conflicts with them.
4.
比较和对比
例如：是不是越快越好？
Is it the faster the better?
Many people believe that
the faster the better
，
because they can save time in this
way.
However
，
others including me hold the opinion that
，
in many situations
，
the result is far less than being satisfactory and quite often goes to the
opposites.Haste
makes waste.
5.
细化主题句
例如：你所喜欢的体育项目对你的影响。
As far as I’m concerned
，
I’m fond of jogging which is very essential in my
life.
On
one hand
，
it’s not a rough sport and convenient to do every day
，
from which I relax myself a lot and refresh my
mind.
On
the other hand
，
it strengthens my suppleness
，
endurance and perseverance to deal with the difficulties in my study.
6.
引出经历
例如：讲述你
(
或你朋友
)
因为太多干扰而受到影响的经历。
This reminds me of what happened when I entered high school as a Senior One
student.
I
was so excited to find that
there were various student organizations and after-class activities for us
students.It
seemed that many groups were suitable for
me.During
this term
，
I was attracted whenever there was a notice from a student group and I was eager to find out more about
it.As
a result
，
I didn’t spend enough time on my studies
，
nor could I settle down to my homework every
day.Consequently
，
I failed in an important exam.
7.
说明结果
例如：你对国家
“
禁止商场免费提供塑料袋的看法
”
。
It is necessary for the government to forbid shops from offering free plastic
bags.
With
this ban
，
shopping customers would gradually form a habit of bringing environmentally
-
friendly bags with them so that the consumption of plastic bags would be greatly reduced.
文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：
如何写好结尾句
1.
首尾呼应，画龙点睛
把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。例如
“
如何处理好学习和课外活动之间的关系
”
。
Thus
，
in my view
，
if we focus too much on any one
，
either study or after-school activities will be negatively
affected.But
with the right balance
，
both can improve.
2.
重复主题句
结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。例如
“
我更喜欢传统购物
”
的结尾：
As for me
，
I prefer traditional
shopping.It
is really fun to go into shops and look at the goods in person...
So traditional shopping is better than Internet shopping.
3.
重申主题
例如
“
客观分析去外地读大学的好处
”
的结尾：
All in all
，
I’m fully convinced that to study in another city is really a good way to enrich one’s life experience.
4.
自然结尾
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。例如
“
老年人应该得到的待遇
”
的结尾：
They’ve already contributed a lot to their family and society
，
so they deserve love from us all.
5.
发出号召或呼吁
结尾表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。例如
“
乱扔垃圾现象
”
的结尾：
In conclusion
，
people’s littering habit is turning our communities into a rubbish
holder.It
is high time that we made joint efforts to solve the rubbish
problem.Otherwise
，
we will live with rubbish in the future.
6.
陈述积极意义
例如
“
对童年时期的生活有怎样的认识
”
的结尾：
All in all
，
as far as I am concerned
，
I think that flowers from a greenhouse can never withstand a storm and that a hard life is good for children.
7.
提出解决问题的方法、建议
例如
“
你对周围爱吃零食的人的合理化建议
”
的结尾：
It’s highly advisable that those who are crazy about snacks should eat snacks when
necessary.You’d
better have some healthy snacks
，
which is much enough to add the necessary calories or nutrients but will not cause health problems.
8.
表明决心
例如
“
对将来能上重点大学
”
的结尾：
I am convinced that I will be admitted into a key university if I put all my heart into study.
一、根据所给主题句写出相应的拓展句
1.Treasure Time
珍惜时光
An English proverb says that time is
money.I
consider it
wrong.Why
? Because we all know that we can earn money but can not get time
back.For
this
reason,we
may say that time is more valuable than money.
Many people do not know the value of
time.It
is indeed a great
pity.We
must bear in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.
2.On Diligence
论勤勉
There is a saying that
goes,“Achievement
is founded on diligence and wasted upon laziness.”
It is widely accepted that diligence will bring us
success,wealth
and good
luck.I
am sure that a
hardworking
person can always succeed in the work which he wants to
do.This
is unchangeable truth.
Idleness is the opposite of
diligence.It
is the source of all
evil.An
idle man only enjoys playing and making
pleasures.Therefore,he
is bound to fail and he can never experience the happiness brought about by success.
3.Knowledge is Power
知识就是力量
As a popular saying
goes,“Knowledge
is power.” With our country developing
fast,knowledge
is becoming more and more important.
First of
all,with
knowledge one can easily find
jobs.We
are entering a new age of
information,and
knowledge is needed by a lot of
jobs.In
addition,more
knowledge is also needed to make our life rich and
fulfilled.Therefore,we
must try hard to acquire as much knowledge as we can.
4.On Honesty
论诚信
There is an English proverb that goes “Honesty is the best policy.” It shows the importance of honesty.
Firstly,honesty
is deeply valued by people from all over the
world.People
everywhere regard honesty as a virtue and hate a dishonest
person.Secondly,honesty
is the basis of interactions among
people.People
should treat each other sincerely and open their hearts to each
other.Only
in this way can we build a harmonious society.
5.How to Get Happiness
如何获得快乐
There is no doubt that happiness is the most precious thing in the
world.Without
it,life
will be empty and
meaningless.If
you wish to know how to get
happiness,you
must pay attention to the following two points.
First,health
is the key to
happiness.Health
is the best wealth (that) a man can
possess.Money
can do many
things,but
it cannot buy
happiness.Therefore,only
when/if a man has good health can he enjoy the pleasures of human life.
Second,happiness
consists in
contentment.A
man who is always dissatisfied with his present condition can never experience happiness.
二、根据提示完成相应的结尾句
1.
你读了这个故事的感受。
(
个人成长需要艰难生活的磨砺；否则会像文中的蝴蝶一样实现不了目标
)
The story sets me thinking a
lot.Our
life is more or less like
this.Sometimes
，
.It is these struggles or hardships that increase our willpower and contribute to our
success.Without
these trials
，
.
struggles or obstacles in our life are a must for our growth
we could never achieve our life goal just as the butterfly did in the story
2.
保持好心情的重要性。
(
总之，只有保持好心情才能快乐、健康成长
)
When we are free of worries
，
we can become healthier
，
study more efficiently and get along better with other
3.
如果有机会，你会就此问题对父母说些什么。
(
不要对我过度关注；爱就要放手
)
If I had the chance to talk with my parents about this
，
I would like to tell them that I can manage without their hovering over me! I’d like to say to them
，
“
”
In a
word,only
when we have a good mood can we grow up happily and healthily.
Please let go of your
anxiety.Give
me some advice just when
necessary,and
for most of the
time,let
me think for
myself.Your
love should never be a burden on
me.Love
me,and
let me fly with it.
4.
呼吁人们多读书。
(
希望每个人每年都能读些书
)
5.
根据你的亲身经历，你觉得朋友给你的生活带来了什么？
(
朋友给了我信任、理解、温暖和感动，我非常感激我的朋友
)
There are books on every subject written for almost every level of
understanding.Therefore
，
we are able to make our own choices.
According to my experience
，
I think friends
，
which made me moved a lot.
！
I hope everyone can read a certain number of books every year.
bring me not only
trust,understanding
How grateful I am to my friends
but also warmth
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