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第一讲 │ 提高语言表达技巧
高考书面表达最高档次的评分标准中，要求“词汇丰富，有修辞意识，显示出较强的语言运用能力”。因此要想在高考英语写作中取得高分，就必须使用一定的高级词汇和句式，为文章增加闪光点，避免单一、呆板的句式，从而增添语言表达的多样性和灵活性，提高文章的档次。
1.肯定不如双否好
修辞的使用在写作中是很大的亮点，双重否定也是种修辞，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。
[典例] The postman comes on time every day.
→The postman never fails to come on time every day.
[典例] He believes that he has enough time to challenge himself.
→ He believes that it is never too late to challenge himself.
[典例] Ms.Li spent a wonderful time with us，but we know that we should thank her for all her hard work and guidance very much.
→Ms.Li spent a wonderful time with us，but we know that we cannot thank her enough for all her hard work and guidance.
[典例] I quite agree with this view.
→I can’t agree more with this view.
应用类似的修辞会在高考中为考生加分。
2.陈述不如倒装妙
在写作中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装、强调、从句、独立主格或分词结构以及虚拟语气。倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，足以应对写作，如何应用倒装，有很多方法和技巧。
(1)否定词开头
[典例] I will never marry you.
→Never will I marry you.
其他的否定词，如not，seldom，hardly等开头的句子倒装都是比较好的句子。
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(2)地点状语开头
[典例] Our library is in the center of our school.
→In the center of our school lies our library.
[典例] There are some flowers on the bank.
→On the bank stand some flowers.
在表达地点时就把地点状语放在句首，后面进行主谓倒装，这样做的好处之一是倒装本身就是高级结构，第二是倒装后把真正的主语放到了句子的末尾，后面还可以继续加从句，使整个句子呈现更多的亮点。
[典例] In the center of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building.
(3)only＋介词短语
[典例] We can live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings only in this way.
→Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.
(4)形容词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词
[典例] Although I felt disappointed at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom，I found the teachers patient and considerate.
→Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom，I found the teachers patient and considerate.
[典例] Although our country is rich，we have a lot of problems.
→ Rich as our country is，we have a lot of problems.
还有其他的倒装结构：
[典例] So glad am I to hear from you.
3.主动不如被动巧
在英文中，被动语态的使用很重要。因为英语中经常用被动语态，汉语中经常用主动语态；英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，而汉语经常用人称开头强调一个人发生了什么事。所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现出丰富的句型，整篇文章也生动起来。
[典例] Then we will cut the cake and we’ll sing songs and play games.
→Then the cake will be cut and we’ll sing songs and play games.
4.分词结构不能少
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在所有的高级语法中，阅卷老师最喜欢看到的是独立主格和分词结构，其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成独立主格或分词结构。
如何变成独立主格或分词结构呢？学会下面的口诀，如果你的作文中有状语从句，马上可改成独立主格或分词结构这个最大的亮点。口诀：一去，二看，三改。一去：去连词；二看：看主语；三改：改分词。
[典例] If such is the case，you should apologize to her.
第一步，去掉连词if；
第二步，看前后两句话的主语，前后主语不一致，所以要改成独立主格；
第三步，改分词，is变成分词是being，所以最后变成：Such being the case，you should apologize to her.
[典例] Ms.Li entered the classroom，and he was surprised to find we were standing in line，clapping hands and saying loudly “Happy Teachers’ Day！”
→Entering the classroom，Ms.Li was surprised to find we were standing in line，clapping hands and saying loudly “Happy Teachers’ Day！”
[典例] I saw them on the bus; I felt a kind of satisfaction.
→ Seeing them on the bus，I felt a kind of satisfaction.
1.合并句子(丰富结构)
·Not only can I improve my oral English but also I learn some customs in western countries.
·For one thing，they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons.For another，they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
2.改变语态(避免单调)
·Besides，I am a book-lover and the books are so well kept that they are as good as new.
3.使用省略(达到言简意赅的效果)
·If so，please keep quiet about it because we want to give him a surprise.
4.使用强调句型(突出语意)
·My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.
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·It is for these reasons that I finally made my choice.
·It’s because of this and my effort in class that I managed to get the first place in the English Contest held recently in our school.
5.使用倒装句(增强说服力)
·So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.
6.使用虚拟语气(提出建议，委婉表达，易于接受)
·She would have never thought a complete surprise was waiting for her.
7.使用with复合结构(丰富句式)
·The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring，with the sun shining and birds singing.
8.使用状语从句(强调谓语或句子)
·Whenever I had difficulties，they were always available.
9.使用定语从句(表意丰富)
·In 2012，he who was praised by his teacher for being good at arranging time received his fourth degree through learning on the Internet.
·Last but not least，my physics teacher is my role model，whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.
10.使用名词性从句(体现扎实的语言功底)
·Not to mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done.
·My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.
11.使用非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词的使用，可使句式多样化)
·What’s worse，they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.
·Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other，trying to catch the ball.
一、用复合句完成下列句子
1.一个人要是不努力，就将一事无成。(状语从句)
Nobody can achieve anything of real significance unless__he__works__hard.
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2.与逃逸的司机相比，我为我所做的感到自豪。(宾语从句)
Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what__I__did.
3.不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。(同位语从句)
No one can deny the fact that__the__environment__is__getting__polluted__more__and__more__seriously.
4.使我印象最深的是他们都经过了专业培训。(主语从句与表语从句)
What__impressed__me__most was that__they__had__had__professional__training.
5.鞋在我们的生活中起着重要作用，因为它们能够保护我们的脚免受伤害。(状语从句)
Shoes play an important role in our life，for__they__can__protect__our__feet__from__being__hurt.
6.我最大的爱好是读书看报，这已经成为我日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。(定语从句)
My favorite hobbies are reading books and newspapers，which__have__become__a__necessary__part__of__my__daily__life.
7.众所周知，由于全球气候变化，地球正变得越来越暖和。(定语从句)
As__we__all__know/As__is__known__to__all，the earth is becoming warmer and warmer due to the global climate change.
8.我们到了一座小山，山脚下有一条小河在流淌。(定语从句)
We arrived at a hill，at__the__foot__of__which__there__flows__a__small__river.
9.只要我们有坚强的信念，就能够克服任何困难。(状语从句)
As__long__as__we__have__a__strong__will，we’ll be able to get over any difficulty.
10.每当见到有人需要帮助时，我就会尽力去帮助他。(状语从句)
Whenever__I__see__someone__in__need，I will spare no effort to help him.
二、按要求升级下列句式
1.After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months，we strongly desired to be the winner.(用分词作状语改写句子)
→Having__practiced__playing__basketball__for__almost__two__months，we__strongly__desired__to__be__the__winner.
2.As the society develops rapidly，it’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.(用with复合结构改写句子)
→With__the__society__developing__
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rapidly，it’s__necessary__for__us__to__have__a__good__knowledge__of__English__and__computer.
3.They are experienced，knowledgeable，patient and understanding.(用not only...but also...并列句型改写句子)
→They__are__not__only__experienced__and__knowledgeable，but__also__patient__and__understanding.
4.We should speak more English.We think it is very important.(用it作形式宾语改写句子)
→We__think__it__very__important__to__speak__more__English.
5.I realized the importance of English when I entered senior high school.(用强调句型改写句子)
→It__was__when__I__entered__senior__high__school__that__I__realized__the__importance__of__English.
6.The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this way.(用倒装句改写句子)
→Only__in__this__way__can__the__children__grow__up__mentally__and__physically__healthy.
7.The local government didn’t realize the problem until the river was seriously polluted.(用倒装句改写句子)
→Not__until__the__river__was__seriously__polluted__did__the__local__government__realize__the__problem.
8.It’s time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.(用虚拟语气改写句子)
→It’s__time__that__we__took/should__take__measures__to__protect__endangered__animals.
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