考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
在一篇约
250
词的短文中留出
20
个空白,要求考生从每题给的
4
个选项中选出最佳选项,使补足的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
既考查考生的英语基础知识,又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。
主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力,包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高、区分度强,是考生最容易
“
拉开距离
”
的一项测试。
江苏高考完形填空近五年考查分布明细统计
年份
体裁
选项设置
词汇复现
语境词义
逻辑关系
固定搭配
2018
记叙文
3
15
2
0
2017
记叙文
3
14
2
1
2016
夹叙夹议文
4
14
0
2
2015
记叙文
1
17
2
0
2014
记叙文
2
14
1
3
从上表可以看出,江苏高考完形填空题设空
以语境题和词汇题为主
,注重在语境中考查词义及搭配。四个选项基本上属同一词类,相同语义范畴,选择时要求上下文通篇考虑。
Raynor
Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong
investment.Their
savings had been __
36
__ to pay lawyers’
fees.To
make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed(
诊断
) with a __
37
__
disease.There
was no __
38
__
,
only pain relief.
Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a __
39
__ journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’ (
徒步旅行者
) guide.
This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and __
40
__
recovery.When
leaving home,
Raynor
and Moth had just
£
320 in the
bank.They
planned to keep the __
41
__ low by living on boiled noodles
,
with the __
42
__ hamburger shop treat.
Wild camping is __
43
__ in
England.To
avoid being caught, the
Winns
had to get their tent up __
44
__ and packed it away early in the
morning.The
Winns
soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot __
45
__ than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor __
46
__ all over and desired a
bath.Moth
, meanwhile, after an initial __
47
__ , found his symptoms were strangely __
48
__ by their daily tiring journey.
__
49
__
,
the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had __
50
__
forever.“Our
hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes __
51
__ to a thread, but we were alive.”
During the journey,
Raynor
began a career as a nature
writer.She
writes,
“
__
52
__ had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of
a(n
) __
53
__ written
book.It
had also given me a __
54
__
,
either to leave that page __
55
__ or to keep writing the story with
hope.I
chose hope.
”
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了
Raynor
Winn
和她丈夫
Moth
因为投资失误变得无家可归。祸不单行,她丈夫被诊断出患有严重疾病,无法医治。他们决定靠着仅有的一些钱外出旅行。
36.A.drawn up
B.used
up
C.backed
up
D.kept
up
答案
B
[
根据首句中的
homeless
与下文第三段中的
“
had just
£
320 in the bank
”
可知他们的积蓄都用于支付律师费了,因此选择
used up(
用光
)
。
draw up
“
拟订,起草
”
;
back up
“
支持,支援
”
;
keep up
“
跟上,保持
”
。
]
37.A.mild
B.common
C.preventable
D.serious
答案
D
[
根据下一句中的
“
only pain relief
”
可知,
Moth
被诊断出患了一种严重的疾病,因此选择
serious
。
]
答案
A
[
没有治疗方法
(cure)
,只能缓解疼痛。
]
38.A.cure
B.luck
C.care
D.promise
39.A.business
B.walking
C.bus
D.rail
答案
B
[
根据本句中的
“
an old hikers
’
(
徒步旅行者
)guide
”
与下文的内容可知,他们决定进行一场徒步旅行,因此选择
walking
。
]
40.A.expected
B.frightening
C.disappointing
D.surprising
41.A.budget
B.revenue
C.compensation
D.allowance
42.A.frequent
B.occasional
C.abundant
D.constant
答案
D
[
从下文内容可知,这不但是一个艰苦的旅行,也是一个给他们带来惊喜的旅行,因此选择
surprising
。
]
答案
A
[
根据本段中的
“
had just
£
320 in the bank
”
和
“
by living on boiled noodles
”
可知,他们想方设法减少预算,因此选择
budget
。
]
答案
B
[
以吃煮面条为主,偶尔也会去汉堡店里买点汉堡犒劳自己。
occasional
“
偶尔的
”
,符合语境。
]
43.A.unpopular
B.lawful
C.attractive
D.illegal
44.A.soon
B.early
C.late
D.slowly
45.A.harder
B.easier
C.cheaper
D.funnier
答案
D
[
根据后一句中的
“To avoid being caught”
可知,在英国野营是不合法的,因此选择
illegal
。
]
答案
C
[
为了不被抓到,他们不得不晚睡早起,因此选择
late
。
]
答案
A
[
他们很快发现在
50
多岁进行徒步旅行比在
20
多岁进行徒步旅行困难多了。因此选择
harder
。
]
46.A.rolled
B.bled
C.ached
D.trembled
47.A.struggle
B.progress
C.excitement
D.research
48.A.developed
B.controlled
C.reduced
D.increased
答案
C
[
根据上文并结合常识可知,
Raynor
浑身疼痛并且想洗个澡。因此选择
ached
。
]
答案
A
[
经过最初与疾病的斗争
(struggle)
,
Moth
发现他的症状奇怪地减轻
(reduced)
了。
]
答案
C
[
参见上题解析。
]
49.A.Initially
B.Eventually
C.Temporarily
D.Consequently
50.A.gained
B.kept
C.wounded
D.lost
51.A.sewn
B.washed
C.worn
D.ironed
答案
B
[
最后,这对夫妇发现他们的身体好转。
eventually
“
最后,终于
”
,符合语境。
]
答案
D
[
他们重新找回了原本认为已经永远失去的强有力的肌肉。根据
re-found
可知应选择
lost
。
]
答案
C
[
根据语境和空前的
“
Our hair was fried and falling out
,
nails broken
”
可知,此处在描述他们旅途的艰辛。故选择
worn
表示衣服破了。
]
52.A.Doctors
B.Hiking
C.Lawyers
D.Homelessness
53.A.well
B.partly
C.neatly
D.originally
54.A.choice
B.reward
C.promise
D.break
答案
D
[
根据上文可知,无家可归的境况
(Homelessness)
使他们失去了一切物质上的东西。
]
答案
B
[
根据上文中的
“
nature writer
”
和下文中的
“
leave that page __
55
__ or to keep writing the story
”
可知,此处表示这本书还未完成,即部分未完成的书。因此选择
partly
。
]
答案
A
[
根据本句中的
“
either...or...
”
可知,选
choice
。
]
55.A.loose
B.full
C.blank
D.missing
答案
C
[
根据本句中的
“
or to keep writing the story with hope
”
可知,选择
blank
。表示一种选择是留着空白页,意思是停止旅行,还有一种选择是继续满怀希望地写作,即继续旅行。
]
For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at
all.In
his first years of high school
,
Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students
,
__
36
__across the campus with their heavy instrument cases
,
__
37
__at school for practice hours__
38
__ anyone else had to be
there.He
swore to himself to__
39
__music
,
as he hated getting to school extra early.
__
40
__
,
one day
,
in the music class that was __
41
__ of his school’s standard curriculum
,
he was playing idly (
随意地
)on the piano and found it __
42
__ to pick out
tunes.With
a sinking feeling
,
he realized that he actually __
43
__ doing
it.He
tried to hide his __
44
__ pleasure from the music teacher
,
who had __
45
__ over to
listen.He
might not have done this particularly well
,
__
46
__ the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good __
47
__ and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there __
48
__
him.There
he decided to give the cello(
大提琴
)a __
49
__.When he began practicing
,
he took it very __
50
__.But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument
,
and was __
51
__ to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
This __
52
__
,
of course
,
that he arrived at school early in the morning
,
__
53
__ his heavy instrument case across the campus to the __
54
__ looks of the non-musicians he had left __
55
__.
36.A.travelling
B.marching
C.pacing
D.struggling
37.A.rising up
B.coming
up
C.driving
up
D.turning
up
答案
D
[
根据
“
with their heavy instrument cases
”
可知,每天上学的时候,
Gabriel
总是同情地看着背着沉重乐器的同学们艰难地穿梭于校园中,
struggle
“
努力,艰难地行进,斗争
”
,符合语境。
]
答案
D
[
根据
“
__
37
__ at school for practice hours __
38
__ anyone else
”
可知,学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时,为了练习弹奏乐器。
turn up
“
出现
”
,符合语境。
]
38.A.before
B.after
C.until
D.since
39.A.betray
B.accept
C.avoid
D.appreciate
40.A.Therefore
B.However
C.Thus
D.Moreover
答案
A
[
“
anyone else”
指不学音乐的学生,学习音乐的要比规定的到校时间早到几个小时,
before anyone else had to be there
比规定的到校时间早几个小时。这也是
Gabriel
不想学习音乐的原因之一。
]
答案
C
[
根据
“
as he hated getting to school extra early
”
可知,
Gabriel
讨厌过早到校,因此他对自己发誓
“
不学
”
音乐
,A
背叛;
B
接受;
C
避免,避开;
D
欣赏。故选
C
。
]
答案
B
[
此处是说,
Gabriel
在一次音乐课上意外发现自己很喜欢音乐,此处所表达的含义与上一段是转折关系,故选
B
。
]
41.A.part
B.nature
C.basis
D.spirit
42.A.complicated
B.safe
C.confusing
D.easy
43.A.missed
B.disliked
C.enjoyed
D.denied
答案
A
[that was __
41
__ of his school
’s standard curriculum
是定语从句,音乐课是学校标准课程的一部分,言外之意就是说,每个学生都得上这个音乐课。
]
答案
D
[
根据下句
“
actually...tried to hide...pleasure
”
等词或词组可以看出,
Gabriel
在音乐中找到了乐趣,并试图隐藏这份愉悦,由此可知,此处是说,他发现演奏音乐很容易。故选
D
。
]
答案
C
[
根据
actually
可知,
Gabriel
对音乐的看法有了变化,他实际上是喜欢音乐的,故选
C
。
]
44.A.transparent
B.obvious
C.false
D.similar
45.A.run
B.jogged
C.jumped
D.wandered
46.A.because
B.but
C.though
D.so
答案
B
[Gabriel
不想让音乐老师看到自己表露出来的很明显的喜悦之情,
transparent
指
(
谎言、借口
)
易看穿的;
obvious
明显的,显然的;
false
假的;
similar
相似的。故选
B
。
]
答案
D
[
音乐老师在教室里来回走动,听到
Gabriel
弹奏乐器的声音,就走过来聆听。
run
跑;
jog
慢跑;
jump
跳;
wander
徘徊,游荡。
wander over
漫步。
]
答案
B
[
前句是说他弹得不是特别好,后句是说,老师告诉他他有良好的辨音能力,并且建议他去音乐商店选适合自己的乐器。前后句间为转折关系。
]
47.A.ear
B.taste
C.heart
D.voice
48.A.occurred to
B.took
to
C.appealed
to
D.held
to
49.A.change
B.chance
C.mission
D.function
答案
A
[
老师认为
Gabriel
有着很好辨音能力,并建议他去挑一件称心的乐器。
ear
辨音力,灵敏的听力;
taste
鉴赏力,欣赏力,指对作品的欣赏能力。由于
Gabriel
没有经过专业的训练,不能说他有很好的音乐鉴赏能力,
taste
不符合语境。
]
答案
C
[occur to
sb
某人突然想起;
take to
开始喜欢;
appeal to
有吸引力,引起兴趣;
hold to
抓住。老师让
Gabriel
找一件自己喜欢的乐器。
]
答案
B
[Gabriel
准备试一下大提琴,给大提琴一次机会,即尝试演奏一下大提琴。
change
改变;
chance
机会;
mission
任务;
function
功能。故选
B
。
]
50.A.seriously
B.proudly
C.casually
D.naturally
51.A.committed
B.used
C.limited
D.admitted
答案
C
[
根据
But
可知,前后是转折关系,下句说
Gabriel
发现自己很喜欢大提琴,说明前一句是说他只是随便拉一下。
seriously
认真地;
proudly
骄傲地;
casually
随便地;
naturally
自然地。故选
C
。
]
答案
A
[
根据
“
so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well
”
可知,花了几个月的时间练习之后,
Gabriel
的大提琴已经拉得非常好了。
be committed to
sth
/doing
sth
致力于。
be used to doing
sth
“
习惯于做某事
”
;
be limited to
“
被局限于
……”
;
be admitted to
“
被
……
录取
”
。故选
A
。
]
52.A.proved
B.showed
C.stressed
D.meant
53.A.pushing
B.dragging
C.lifting
D.rushing
答案
D
[
本段与第一段呼应。学习音乐意味着早到学校,要把沉重的乐器背来背去,
meant
在此意为
“
意味着
”
。
]
答案
B
[
此处是说,
Gabriel
也得早到学校练习拉琴,也要拖着沉重的乐器。
drag
指吃力地拖、拉某物,符合语境。
push
推;
lift
举起;
rush
冲。
]
54.A.admiring
B.pitying
C.annoying
D.teasing
55.A.over
B.aside
C.behind
D.out
答案
B
[
根据
“
non-musicians
”
可知,这里指不学音乐的学生那种同情的表情,根据第一段可得出答案,应该是
pitying
。
]
答案
C
[leave aside
搁置一边;
leave
sb/sth
behind
把
……
抛在后面,超过;
leave out
遗漏,不提及。这里指
Gabriel
走过去之后,身后的学生对他投来同情的目光。
]
Years ago
,
a critical event occurred in my life that would change it
forever.I
met Kurt
Kampmeir
of Success Motivation Incorporation for
breakfast.While
we were __
36
__
,
Kurt asked me
,
“
John
,
what is your __
37
__ for personal growth
?
”
Never at a loss for words
,
I tried to find things in my life that might __
38
__for
growth.I
told him about the many activities in which I was __
39
__.And I went into a __
40
__ about how hard I worked and the gains I was
making.I
must have talked for ten
minutes.Kurt
__
41
__ patiently
,
but then he __
42
__ smiled and said
,
“
You don’t have a personal plan for growth
,
do you
?
”
“No”
,
I __
43
__.
“
You know
,
”
Kurt said simply
,
“growth is not
a(n
) __
44
__ process.”
And that’s when it __
45
__
me.I
wasn’t doing anything __
46
__ to make myself
better.And
at that moment
,
I made the __
47
__
:
I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my __
48
__.
That night
,
I talked to my wife about my __
49
__ with Kurt and what I had
learned.I
__
50
__ her the workbook and tapes Kurt was
selling.We
__
51
__ that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a
sale.He
was offering a __
52
__ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.
Several important things happened that
day.First
,
we decided to __
53
__ the
resources.But
more importantly
,
we made a commitment to __
54
__ together as a
couple.From
that day on
,
we learned together
,
traveled together
,
and sacrificed
together.It
was a __
55
__
decision.While
too many couples grow apart
,
we were growing together.
36.A.working
B.preparing
C.thinking
D.eating
37.A.suggestion
B.demand
C.plan
D.request
38.A.appeal
B.look
C.call
D.qualify
答案
D
[
根据
“
for breakfast”
,可知我在吃早饭的时候遇见了
Kurt
。故
D
项符合语境。
]
答案
C
[
根据
42
空后
“
You don
’
t have a personal plan for growth
,
do you
?
”
(
对于个人成长你并没有计划
,
是吧?
)
可知
Kurt
在问我个人成长计划是什么。故
C
项正确。
]
答案
D
[appeal
呼吁,吸引
(
通常与
to
连用
)
;
look for
寻找;
call for
需要;
qualify for
有资格,能胜任;当
Kurt
提出这个问题的时候,我努力找出一些个人生活中与成长有关的事情。故
D
项正确。
]
39.A.involved
B.trapped
C.lost
D.bathed
40.A.lecture
B.speech
C.discussion
D.debate
答案
A
[
本句是定语从句,介词
in
提前到关系代词
which
之前。
be involved in
参与
……
;卷入
……
;
be trapped in
被困在
……
中;
be lost in
沉浸于
……
;
be bathed in
被
……
笼罩;我告诉他很多我所参加的活动。根据句意可知
A
项正确。
]
答案
B
[
我在发表关于自己如何努力工作并取得了很大成就的演讲。
lecture
讲座;
speech
演讲;
discussion
讨论;
debate
辩论。故
B
项正确。
]
41.A.calculated
B.listened
C.drank
D.explained
42.A.eagerly
B.gradually
C.gratefully
D.finally
答案
B
[
我讲了十分钟自己的个人努力及成就,
Kurt
一直耐心地听我讲。故
B
项正确。
]
答案
D
[Kurt
耐心地听我讲了很长时间,最后他笑着对我说:
“
对于个人成长你并没有计划,是吧?
”
eagerly
热切地;
gradually
逐渐地;
gratefully
感激地;
finally
最后。故
D
项正确。
]
43.A.admitted
B.interrupted
C.apologized
D.complained
44.A.automatic
B.slow
C.independent
D.changing
答案
A
[
“
You don’
t have a personal plan for growth
,
do you
?
”
是一个否定的反意疑问句,在回答的时候
“
No
”
翻译为
“
是的
”
。说明我承认自己并没有个人成长计划。故
A
项正确。
]
答案
A
[automatic
自动的;
slow
缓慢的;
independent
独立的;
changing
不断变化的;
Kurt
告诉我成长并不是一个自动的过程,一定要有计划性,有计划的个人成长才是有效的成长。从那以后我意识到自己在这方面的缺乏并作出改变。故选
A
项。
]
45.A.confused
B.informed
C.pleased
D.hit
46.A.on loan
B.on
purpose
C.on
sale
D.on
balance
答案
D
[Kurt
的话触动了我,我的确没有有意识地做一些事情让自己变得更好。
hit
sb
“
某人突然想起
”
。故
D
项正确。
]
答案
B
[on loan
暂借;
on purpose
故意地;
on sale
降价出售;
on balance
总的来说。他的话让我意识到自己的确没有有意识地做一些让自己变得更好的事情。故
B
项正确。
]
47.A.comment
B.announcement
C.decision
D.arrangement
48.A.life
B.progress
C.performance
D.investment
49.A.contract
B.conversation
C.negotiation
D.argument
答案
C
[comment
评论;
announcement
通告;
decision
决定;
arrangement
安排。此处是说,我做出了一个决定:要为我的生活做一个个人的成长计划。故
C
项正确。
]
答案
A
[life
生活;
progress
进步;
performance
表演;
investment
投资。由上下文可知
A
项正确。
]
答案
B
[contract
合同,契约;
conversation
对话;
negotiation
谈判;协商;
argument
争论。此处是说,我把我和
Kurt
的谈话告诉了妻子。故
B
项正确。
]
50.A.lent
B.sold
C.showed
D.offered
51.A.recalled
B.defined
C.recognized
D.declared
52.A.tool
B.method
C.way
D.rule
答案
C
[
我向妻子展示了
Kurt
正在出售的书和磁带。故
C
项正确。
]
答案
C
[
我们意识到他并不是想向我们兜售自己的书,而是给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法。根据句意可知
C
项正确。
]
答案
C
[Kurt
给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法。故
C
项正确。
]
53.A.provide
B.buy
C.give
D.deliver
54.A.grow
B.survive
C.move
D.gather
55.A.difficult
B.random
C.firm
D.wise
答案
B
[
此处是说,我们决定购买他的书和磁带等资源。故
B
项正确。
]
答案
A
[
根据上文可知
Kurt
和我谈论的是个人成长的话题。我和妻子在他的影响下承诺共同成长,一起进步。故
A
项正确。
]
答案
D
[
由
While too many couples grow apart
,
we were growing together.
可知我和妻子一起成长。说明他的资源对我们有很大的帮助,我们做出的是一个明智的决定。故
D
项正确。
]
[
解题技巧
]
完形填空答题时必须遵循
“
整体——部分——整体
”
的步骤,要先完其意后完其形。注重整合、注重上下文信息关联,做到瞻前顾后。
1.
跳读首尾句,判断文体,预测主题
一般说来,完形填空题的首尾句是不设空的,先跳读这两句,便可判断体裁,猜想它要讲什么。如果一开始就讲明了
when
,
where
,
who
,
what
,即四个
w
,那么就是记叙文。若首句是提出或解释说明某事物,一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点,那么就是议论文。
2.
通读全文,掌握主旨大意
边读边填独立题
(
包括词类搭配、近义词辨析、语法类
)
和前提试题,了解全文,把握大意。积极思维,根据初步结论、按照不同文体的写作特点,找准信息词,存储上文信息,以帮助解决下文空格。要注意词与词、句与句之间的各种连接和修饰关系,留心词汇的习惯搭配,尤其是所选择的词在具体语境中的确切含义。
3.
寻求搭配,通顺逻辑
固定搭配是完形填空的常考题,如动词与介词的搭配,动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,因此选择必须根据具体的上下文作出合理的判断。
4.
根据词汇意义及用法辨析词义、确定答案
完形填空题虽然淡化对语法的考查,但对语言点的考查依然存在,主要体现在词汇搭配和意义辨析两个方面。弄清它们之间的细微差异有助于提高答题的正确率。如
separate/divide
,
cheap/cheaply
,
wide/widely
,
still/quiet/calm/silent
等。要做好这种题目,必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来,从词汇意义入手,抓住情节线索解决问题。
5.
结合生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理
完形填空往往为自身的内容提供完整的语言信息,其间交织渗透各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识,考查学生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目,考生不仅要有广博的知识,还要能驾驭全文,弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不是很准确时,可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。
6.
查漏补缺,反复推敲,调整答案
复读时,要根据文章的中心去判断所选答案是否符合逻辑,是否服务于文章的主题,有无语法或搭配错误。审读过程中,如果遇到不畅之处,必有一点,应从词义和逻辑两方面权衡优劣,从而纠正错误,弥补疏漏。对于仍拿不准的个别选项,应坚持自己的第一感觉。