第五讲
│
图表作文
对于图表作文，写作内容主要包括三个方面：描述图表信息＋从中总结出变化规律＋提出建议或解决之道
(
这一部分可以根据实际要求进行取舍
)
。
准备过程中，应着重注意以下两点：
1.
仔细研究题目及提示信息，认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。
2.
仔细研究图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要、最有代表性的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息。切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。
【常用词汇】
1
.
点明图表所反映的主题时常用的词汇
2
.
分析数据差异及变化趋势时常用的词汇
table
，
chart
，
diagram
，
figure
，
describe
，
tell
，
show
，
represent
，
indicate
(1)
表示上升或增加的：
rise
，
increase
，
go up
(2)
表示下降或减少的：
decrease
，
fall
，
reduce
，
decline
，
drop
，
go down
(3)
表示变化特点的：
sharply
，
quickly
，
rapidly
，
dramatically
，
slowly
，
gradually
(4)
表示比较的：
compared
，
different from
，
difference between
，
while
，
contrary
，
however
，
more than
，
less than
【常用句式】
1
.
点明主题
①
I have recently made/conducted/carried out a survey about...among...
②
Last week
，
we made/conducted/carried out a survey on...
③
A survey has been made/conducted/carried out on...
2.
呈现数据
/
分析原因
(1)
呈现数据
①
The above table/chart/graph shows that...
②
As can be seen from the pie chart...
③
From the table/chart/graph we can see...
(2)
分析原因
①
There are several reasons that account for this phenomenon.
②
A number of factors account for (contribute to/lead to/result in) the change (phenomenon/increase).
③
The main reason for such a change is...
3.
发表看法
/
提出建议
①
Personally/In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned/From my point of view...
②
It is high time that we...
【写作模板】
Recently a survey has been done to find out ________ (
所要表达的主题
).As is shown in the pie chart ________ (
表中的内容一
)
，
________ (
表中的内容二
)
，
________ (
表中的内容三
) and ________ (
表中的内容四
).
In conclusion
，
the survey shows that ________ (
总体规律、趋势或呈现的问题
).Many factors contribute to the
problem.One
is that ________(
原因一
).Another is that ________(
原因二
).
In my opinion ________(
自己的观点
).
(
江苏高考
)
请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇
150
词左右的文章。
1.The other day
，
a
netizen
(
网民
) shared a photo on
Sina
Weibo.It
was about an old lady standing in front of a car that was on a bicycle lane
，
and insisting that it leave the
track.The
photo drew about 7
，
000 comments on the social media
platform.Despite
the thumbs-up (
点赞
) given to the old lady
，
some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.
2.Some riders of e-bikes and bicycles come and go in all directions
，
ignoring traffic lights and other
vehicles.Such
rude riding contributes to the disorder of
traffic.Thus
the avoidable road accidents become unavoidable.
3.From 2005 to 2014
，
the total number of private cars in China rose sharply from 32 million to 154
million.Currently
，
China had 15% of the world’s total vehicles.
【写作内容】
【写作要求】
【评分标准】
1.
用约
30
个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.
结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；
3.
根据你的分析，从社会规范
(rules and regulations)
和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示
(
不少于两点
)
。
1.
写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.
作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.
不必写标题。
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
[
材料分析
]
写作前，考生应该先认真分析材料。写作时，注意第一段用
30
个单词概括材料内容，第二段写导致交通问题的原因；第三段从社会规则和个人行为入手进行现象分析，从中得到启示。词数在
150
左右，以一般现在时作为中心时态，内容健康向上，情节完整，书写工整，卷面保持整洁。为使行文紧凑，过渡自然，可在文中穿插使用一些过渡性词汇或短语。
【参考范文】
The traffic issue is a hard nut to
crack.It
not only affects our everyday life
，
but may also threaten people’s
lives.The
three selections presented above are typical examples.
Quite a few things give rise to the traffic
problem.In
spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways
，
there is still much room for improvement
，
because of the ever-increasing number of cars these
years.What’s
worse
，
some drivers
，
cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.
In fact
，
traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public
order.Without
them
，
people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in
chaos.But
rules alone don’t secure an orderly
society.It
is the people who obey the rules that
matter.It
is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
(2018·
高考押题卷
)
每个人都是社会的一员，每个人与他人都紧密相连，建立和谐社会需要每个人的努力，因此拥有一定的社会责任感至关重要，但每个人对此的理解却各不相同。请依据下面一项针对中学生社会责任感体现的调查图表写一篇
150
词左右的短文，要求如下：
【写作内容】
【写作要求】
【评分标准】
1.
用约
30
词概括你对社会责任的理解；
2.
依据你的理解阐述社会责任感的重要性；
3.
结合实际谈谈如何有效培养中学生的社会责任感。
1.
作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
2.
不必写标题。
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
As a member of the society
，
each individual is closely related to
others.Sense
of social responsibility really means a lot and different people have their own different understanding of it.
As John Donne said
，
“No one is an
island”
.
Having
a sense of responsibility is crucial mainly because
，
on one hand
，
it’s beneficial to our social
cohesion.Driven
by such sense
，
people would offer helping hands to those in need and thus feel nice and warm in
society.On
the other hand
，
it will make us behave ourselves in public
，
which is helpful for building a harmonious
society.People
will be more civic-minded with their sense of social responsibility enhanced.
Therefore
，
to promote students’ sense of social responsibility
，
moral education should be strengthened and some related activities especially those passing on “positive energy” ought to be conducted regularly at
school.In
addition
，
students themselves need to cultivate their good virtues and qualities.
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