江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习专题一单项填空习题20190120125.doc

由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 专题一 单项填空 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 ‎《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》明确指出：高中学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容(教育部)。‎ 考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。‎ 单项填空强调在语境中理解词汇的意思。侧重对词汇和词组的考查，考点为名词性从句、动词、动词词组、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、情景交际等，贴近生活。‎ 江苏高考单项填空近五年考查分布明细统计 考点 年份　　‎ 冠词 名词 代词 形容词和副词 数词和主谓一致 介词和介词短语 动词 从句 特殊句式 虚拟语气 情景交际 动词和动词短语 情态动词 时态和语态 非谓语动词 定语从句 名词性从句 状语从句 ‎2018‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2017‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎0‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2016‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎3‎ ‎0‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2015‎ ‎0‎ ‎2‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎2014‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ 从上面的考情统计可以看出，2018年江苏高考单项填空的考点和往年类似，但涉及的语境更丰富，重点考查基础语法运用、词汇辨析、情景交际用语及习语。其中语法考查内容涵盖了三大从句、非谓语动词、时态和语态及虚拟语气等。‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎21.By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.‎ A.where B.when C.why D.how 答案　D　[考查表语从句。 根据句中的By boat可知，此处应用how引导表语从句，表示到达这里的方式。]‎ ‎22.Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might ________ the things they see.‎ A.indicate B.investigate C.imitate D.innovate 答案　C　[考查动词。句意：孩子们不应该看暴力影片，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。imitate“模仿”符合句意。indicate“暗示”；investigate“调查”；innovate“创新”。]‎ ‎23.Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.‎ A.that B.where C.which D.when 答案　B　[考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是area，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，因此用where，相当于in which。]‎ ‎24.It’s strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.‎ A.would B.should C.could D.might 答案　B　[考查情态动词。句意：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的许可就拿走了那些书。should“竟然”，符合句意。]‎ ‎25.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which ________ a clear road map and timetable.‎ A.calls for B.calls on C.calls off D.calls up 答案　A　[考查短语动词。 ‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ 句意：开发长江经济带是一个系统的工程，它需要一个清晰的陆路交通图和时间表。call for“需要”符合句意。call on“号召，拜访”；call off“取消”；call up“使回忆起”。]‎ ‎26.Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period，________ the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.‎ A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding 答案　D　[考查非谓语动词。句意：这段时间大约13 500个新的工作岗位被创造了出来，超过了市场分析人士预计的12 000个。exceed与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系。此处用现在分词作状语表示结果，故选D。]‎ ‎27.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ a second chance to become more involved.‎ A.had B.will have C.would have had D.have had 答案　A　[考查虚拟语气。根据“There is a good social life in the village”可知，时间的着眼点是现在，因此wish后的从句中的虚拟语气是对现在的虚拟，故选择had。]‎ ‎28.—You know what? I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.‎ ‎—Oh，________ You’re kidding.‎ A.so what? B.go ahead.‎ C.come on. D.what for?‎ 答案　C　[考查交际用语。从对话中的“You’re kidding”可知此处表示对上一句的内容感到难以置信，因此选择come on，意思是“别逗了，算了吧”。so what“那又怎么样”，go ahead“开始做吧”，what for“为何”。]‎ ‎29.________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.‎ A.Once B.Unless C.If D.When 答案　B　[考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你睡眠好，否则你一两个夜晚后就不能集中注意力，不能计划，也不能保持积极性。unless“除非”符合句意。]‎ ‎30.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ in the past two years.‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 A.had been carried out B.would be carried out C.is being carried out D.has been carried out 答案　A　[考查时态。本句中主句的时态是一般过去时，因此从句中应该使用过去时态中的某种时态；根据句中的时间状语in the past two years可知，应该使用完成时态。因此空处应用过去完成时。]‎ ‎31.Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we ________ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.‎ A.have developed B.had developed C.will have developed D.developed 答案　C　[考查将来完成时。句意：在2025年我们有望不再互相发邮件，因为到那时候我们将已经开发了更加便利的电子沟通工具了。根据句中的时间状语2025与by then可知，空处应用将来完成时。]‎ ‎32.Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made.‎ A.assignment B.association C.acquisition D.assumption 答案　D　[考查名词。根据句中的actually可知选择assumption，表示“要努力弄懂事实上正在发生的事情而不是把你的行为建立在假设之上”。assignment“任务，作业”；association“协会，团体，联系，联想”；acquisition“获得，习得”。]‎ ‎33.China’s soft power grows ________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.‎ A.in line with B.in reply to C.in return for D.in honour of 答案　A　[考查介词短语。句意：我国的软实力的增长与我国在全球各地不断受到的欣赏和理解是紧密相连的。in line with“与……紧密相连”符合句意。in reply to“答复……”；in return for“作为对……的回报”；in honour of“为了纪念……，为向……表示敬意”。]‎ ‎34.Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is ________ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.‎ A.keen B.reluctant C.anxious D.ready 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 答案　B　[考查形容词。句意：尽管这家旅馆服务差，但是经理却不愿投资对员工进行足够的培训。reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”符合句意。]‎ ‎35.—What happened? Your boss seems to ________.‎ ‎—Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press?‎ A.be over the moon B.laugh his head off C.be all ears D.fly off the handle 答案　D　[考查习语。根据对话内容可知秘书向新闻界泄露了机密的报告，因此老板很生气，故选择fly off the handle“大发雷霆”。be over the moon“欣喜若狂”；laugh his head off“大笑不止”；be all ears“全神贯注地听”。]‎ ‎21.Many Chinese brands，________their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.developing 答案　A　[brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。]‎ ‎22.________not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A.It were B.Were it C.It was D.Was it 答案　B　[虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were/Should/Had I...，故选B。]‎ ‎23.Located________the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.‎ A.why B.when ‎ C.which D.where 答案　D　[be located in＋地点名词，位于……，where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选D。]‎ ‎24.The publication of Great Expectations，which________both widely reviewed and highly 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.‎ A.is B.are ‎ C.was D.were 答案　C　[本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，“被广泛阅读和得到高度评价”发生在过去，故选C。]‎ ‎25.Working with the medical team in Africa has________the best in her as a doctor.‎ A.held out B.brought out C.picked out D.given out 答案　B　[hold out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；bring out使显现，阐明，出版；pick out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；give out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为一名医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。]‎ ‎26.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of________it used to charge.‎ A.that B.which ‎ C.what D.how 答案　C　[“half of ________ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并在宾语从句中作宾语，故选C。]‎ ‎27.He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he________.‎ A.was being followed B.was following C.had been followed D.followed 答案　A　[分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪”，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。]‎ ‎28.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A.which B.its ‎ C.whose D.whom 答案　C　[先行词是“the World Food 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，限定purposes，故选C。]‎ ‎29.Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death，smart-phones defeated________PCs in sales.‎ A.controversial B.contradictory C.confidential D.conventional 答案　D　[A.controversial有争议的；B.contradictory对立的，相互矛盾的；C.confidential机密的，秘密的；D.conventional传统的。智能手机在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑，故选D。]‎ ‎30.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help________your year ahead.‎ A.shape B.switch ‎ C.stretch D.sharpen 答案　A　[A.shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B.switch转变，交换，调班；C.stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D.sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。]‎ ‎31.He’s been informed that he________for the scholarship because of his academic background.‎ A.hasn’t qualified B.hadn’t qualified C.doesn’t qualify D.wasn’t qualifying 答案　C　[句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。]‎ ‎32.Determining where we are________our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ A.in contrast to B.in defense of C.in face of D.in relation to 答案　D　[A.in contrast to对比，截然不同；B.in defense of为……辩护；C.in face of面对；D.in relation to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。]‎ ‎33.—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎—It’s nothing.Just something________.‎ A.as clear as day B.off the top of my head C.under my nose D.beyond my wildest dreams 答案　B　[A.as clear as day显而易见，容易理解；B.off the top of my head没有考虑；C.under my nose就在我眼皮底下(都没有察觉)；D.beyond my wildest dreams远远出乎意料，做梦都没有想到。由句意可知选B。]‎ ‎34.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But________explanations are hard to find.‎ A.alternative B.aggressive C.ambiguous D.apparent 答案　A　[A.alternative可供替代的；B.aggressive好斗的，有进取心的；C.ambiguous 有野心的，耗时的；D.apparent显而易见的。句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天文事件引起的，但是难以找到其他解释。故选A。]‎ ‎35.—Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday?‎ ‎—________！Will you go with me?‎ A.You there B.You bet C.You got me D.You know better 答案　B　[A.You there说你呢(用于引起注意)；B.You bet的确；当然；C.You got me你把我问住了；D.You know better不至于糊涂到……由“Will you go with me？”可知，“我”会去看女子排球，答语应该是肯定的，故选B。]‎ ‎21.It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ A.why B.what ‎ C.as D.that 答案　D　[句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故D项正确。]‎ ‎22.More efforts，as reported，________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎ structural reform.‎ A.are made B.will be made C.are being made D.have been made 答案　B　[本句的时间状语in the years ahead “在将来的几年”和一般将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B项正确。]‎ ‎23.Many young people，most ________ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those 答案　C　[定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故C项正确。]‎ ‎24.—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?‎ ‎—Living every day to the full，definitely.‎ A.recipe B.record ‎ C.range D.receipt 答案　A　[recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条。根据句意可知A项“秘诀”符合题意。]‎ ‎25.He did not ________ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.‎ A.approach B.wrestle C.compromise D.communicate 答案　C　[approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流，沟通。根据句意可知C项正确。]‎ ‎26.________ some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.‎ A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While 答案　D　[because因为；if如果；unless除非；while尽管；然而；当……时；根据句意可知此处表转折，所以使用while “尽管”。故D项正确。]‎ ‎27.If it ________ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 A.had not been B.should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been 答案　A　[句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。本句是虚拟语气。故A项正确。]‎ ‎28.In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.‎ A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden 答案　B　[a secret message与动词hide为被动关系，所以填过去分词hidden，分词短语相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work。A、C项表示主动含义，D项表示正在进行，与语境不符。故B项正确。]‎ ‎29.Dashan，who ________ crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.‎ A.will be learning B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learning 答案　D　[本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国传统的相声和西方的脱口秀结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D项正确。]‎ ‎30.Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.‎ A.fallen off B.taken off C.turned off D.left off 答案　B　[fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；根据句意可知B项正确。]‎ ‎31.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most ________ statements of how，and on what basis，data are collected.‎ A.explicit B.ambiguous C.original D.arbitrary 答案　A　[explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的。故A项正确。]‎ ‎32.—Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费 ‎—________.Opposites sometimes do attract.‎ A.I hope not B.I think so C.I appreciate that D.I beg to differ 答案　D　[I hope not我可不希望这样；I think so我认为如此；I appreciate that我很感激；I beg to differ恕我不能同意。由答语后句Opposites sometimes do attract.(意见相反的人有时会相互吸引。)可知不同意对方所说的话。故D项符合语境。]‎ ‎33.Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.‎ A.gain admission to B.keep track of C.take advantage of D.give rise to 答案　C　[gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；根据句意可知C项正确。]‎ ‎34.Not until recently ________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.‎ A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged C.did they encourage D.they encouraged 答案　C　[句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。故C项正确。]‎ ‎35.—Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.‎ ‎—Lack of self-confidence is his ________，I am afraid.‎ A.Achilles’ heel B.child’s play C.green fingers D.last straw 答案　A　[Achilles’ heel唯一的致命的弱点；child’s play容易做的事情，轻而易举的事情；green fingers搞园艺的才能；last straw最后一根稻草。句意：“杰克仍然情不自禁地担心他的工作面试。”“恐怕缺乏自信是他唯一的弱点。”根据句意可知A项正确。]‎ 由莲山课件提供http://www.5ykj.com/ 资源全部免费