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板块三 │ 语境类
1.My washing machine ________ this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018·天津高考)
A.was repaired B.is repaired
C.is being repaired D.has been repaired
答案 C [根据“因此我不得不用手洗衣服”可知，洗衣机此时“正在被维修”，应该用现在进行时的被动语态。]
2.—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.
—Hello, Peter.I’m Bob.I just ________ on Monday.(2018·北京高考)
A.start B.have started
C.started D.had started
答案 C [——你好，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始(在这工作)的。根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去某一特定的时间(on Monday)发生的事。]
3.Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.(2018·北京高考)
A.is working B.was working
C.has worked D.had worked
答案 B [句意：苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作，去年我去拜访她时，她在社区作义工。根据语境可知，此处表示过去某段时间内正在发生的事，所以用过去进行时。]
4.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.(2018·北京高考)
A.are trapping B.have been trapped
C.were trapping D.had been trapped
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答案 D [句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山区两天的游客。根据语境可知，此处应用被动语态，且此处表示在过去动作risked his life之前完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。]
5.—________ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes.They are happy with it.(2017·北京高考)
A.Did you call B.Have you called
C.Will you call D.Were you calling
答案 A [句意：你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？发生在过去，用过去式，故选A。]
6.In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones ________ yet.(2017·北京高考)
A.haven’t invented B.haven’t been invented
C.hadn’t invented D.hadn’t been invented
答案 D [句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，排除B，故选D。]
【名师点睛】
动词的时态与语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须借助于时态和语态来完成。高考试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其他语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。其考点主要包括：
1.注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别，如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系，正确理解时间概念，如是现在、过去还是将来，是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。
2.遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思维。
3.把语态与时态结合在一起，进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系，分清是主动还是被动。
4.考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重视有特殊用法的动词的运用。
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1.They might have found a better hotel if they ________ a few more kilometers.(2018·北京高考)
A.drove B.would drive
C.were to drive D.had driven
答案 D [句意：如果他们再开几公里，他们可能会找到更好的旅馆。根据语境可知，此处表示对过去事实的假设，从句中应该用过去完成时。]
2.I can’t find my purse.I ________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.(2018·天津高考)
A.should leave B.must have left
C.might leave D.could have left
答案 D [根据本空所在句子的时间状语判断，此处叙述过去发生的动作；下文说“我不太肯定”，因此表示不肯定的语气，应用“情态动词could/might/may＋have done”结构，因此选D。]
3.In today’s information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.(2018·北京高考)
A.need B.should
C.can D.must
答案 C [句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题。根据语境可知，此处用can表示“可能会”。]
4.—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise，I________able to reach her yesterday.(2017·天津高考)
A.hadn’t been B.wouldn’t have been
C.weren’t D.wouldn’t be
答案 B [句意：“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？”“有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。”此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句谓语用wouldn’t have done，故选B。]
5.It might have saved me some trouble ________ the schedule.(江苏高考)
A.did I know B.have I known
C.do I know D.had I known
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答案 D [句意：要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。由句意和might have saved可知，句子用了虚拟语气。本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故从句谓语用had known。if引导的非真实条件句中含有were，had，should时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将if省略。]
6.It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food.(江苏高考)
A.might B.would
C.should D.could
答案 C [句意：他们自己那么穷，________给我带来了食物，这让我(感动得)心里不好受。should可以用在that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，居然”，带有惊讶的语气。故选C项。might可能，或许，可以；would(过去)总是，愿意；could能够，或许。]
【名师点睛】
情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定，每年总有一至两个题，可以单独考查，也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握，难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括：
1.考查情态动词的基本用法。如： can和could的用法及区别； will和would的用法及区别； must的用法； shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法； need的用法等。
2.考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：
(1)注意语气。语气较强用must，cannot，couldn’t; 语气较弱用may，might或can，could；
(2)注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could；
(3)注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构； 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行体”结构； 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成体”结构。
3.考查情态动词的特殊用法。如：
(1)cannot/can’t与too/over/enough/perfectly/sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越……越……”“无论怎样……，……也不为过”“决不会……，……够(过)”。
(2)cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”。
(3)would和used to的区别； can 和be able to的区别。
(4)“may/might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”； “may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是……的好”。
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(5)must意为“偏要，硬要”； can用在肯定句中，可以表示客观上的可能性； shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等； should表示估计或推测上的“应该”，意为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”； will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”等。
(6)在句型 it is (high) time that中，从句谓语动词常用过去时态……或should＋动词原形(should不能省略)表示虚拟语气。
4.考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如：wish，as if/though，if only，would rather，otherwise，without等。
5.考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装现象。
1.—I’m moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.
—________.Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.(2018·天津高考)
A.You bet B.It depends
C.Forget it D.No kidding
答案 A [对方提出求助，空后一句给出了肯定的回答，那么本空应该用表示肯定回答的选项，you bet表示“当然，的确”，符合语境。]
2.—Wasn’t Joan supposed to be here by now?
—________.She will be here in about twenty minutes.(2018·天津高考)
A.All right B.Don’t worry
C.No wonder D.Enjoy yourself
答案 B [从对话语境看，前一问句显然含有责备的语气，后面回答说“大约二十分钟之后她就来了”。因此本空选B “别着急”。]
3.—Michael was late for Mr.Smith’s chemistry class this morning.
—________？ As far as I know，he never came late to class.(2017·天津高考)
A.So what B.Why not
C.Who cares D.How come
答案 D [句意：“今天上午斯密斯老师的化学课上迈克尔迟到了。”“怎么会呢？据我所知，他上课从不迟到。”A.那又怎么样呢；B.为什么不呢；C.谁在意呢；D.怎么会呢。根据语境，故选D。]
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4.—Are you sure you’re ready for the best?
—________.I’m well prepared for it.(2016·浙江高考)
A.I’m afraid not B.No problem
C.Hard to say D.Not really
答案 B [句意：“你确定为考试做好准备了吗？”“没问题(no problem)，我准备好了。”No problem意为“没问题”，符合语境。I’m afraid not恐怕没有；Hard to say 很难说；Not really不见得，不完全是。]
5.—Jim，can you work this Sunday?
—________？ I’ve been working for two weeks on end.(江苏高考)
A.Why me B.Why not
C.What if D.So what
答案 A [句意：“吉姆，这个周日你可以上班吗？”“________？我已经连续工作两周了。”Why me？为什么是我？Why not？为什么不呢？What if？如果……怎么办？So what？那有什么关系？由I’ve been working...可感知回答者的不满，故空格处应是“为什么是我(Why me)”。]
6.—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well，you know he’s ________.(江苏高考)
A.an early bird B.a wet blanket
C.a lucky dog D.a tough nut
答案 B [句意：“你为什么不邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会？”“哦，你知道他就会让人扫兴。”an early bird早起的人；a wet blanket扫兴的人或事；a lucky dog幸运儿；a tough nut难对付的人。根据didn’t you invite John可推断出，他是“令人扫兴的人(a wet blanket)”，故选B项。]
【名师点睛】
交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主，提问为辅； 以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。其考点主要包括：
1.考查习惯应答语。许多情景对话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语； 感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。考生必须用英美人的思维方式，遵循他们的习惯进行回答。交际用语常见的回答用语主要有以下几个方面：
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(1)常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure./Yes，help yourself./No problem./Good idea./Sorry，but.../I’d rather you.../Thank you，but.../No way./Forget it.等。
(2)常用于感谢的应答用语有：That’s all right./You are welcome./Don’t mention it./It is my pleasure (My pleasure)./Not at all.等。
(3)常用于道歉的应答用语有：Never mind./It doesn’t matter./Not at all./That’s all right./That is nothing.等。
(4)常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：Good luck！/Best wishes to you！/Have a nice time！/Congratulations！/Merry Christmas！/Thank you！/The same to you！等。
2.考查文化差异语。汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关键。
3.考查语言结构语。根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose，believe)so./Yes，I’m afraid so.对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时，则说：No，I don’t think (suppose) so./No，I don’t believe so./No，I believe (suppose) not./No，I hope not./No，I am afraid not.
[知识链接1] 常用交际用语
1.how could I...我怎么能……呢
2.not exactly不完全是这样
3.that’s for sure毫无疑问
4.I can’t remember it我想不起来
5.thanks anyway不管怎样还是要谢谢你
6.why not为什么不
7.you should know你该知道，你该明白这一点
8.that’s all right没关系，不要紧
9.it depends视情况而定
10.so what那又怎么样
11.do you think so你认为是这样吗
12.hurry up快点
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13.why bother何必那么麻烦
14.by all means当然可以，好的
15.go ahead吃吧，做吧，说吧，干吧
16.you must be disappointed你肯定非常失望
17.well，not quite嗯，还不太像
18.then what然后怎么办
19.You did？你们确实如此吗？
20.guess what你猜怎么着
21.oh，that would be great哦，那太好了
22.no problem没问题
23.I don’t mind我不介意
24.never mind没关系
25.so am I我也是
26.what a relief这下可放心了
27.it’s not the case事实并非如此
28.no，that’s all不，就这些了
29.I really envy you我真的很羡慕你
30.of course当然可以
31.I couldn’t agree more我完全同意
32.you must be joking你肯定是开玩笑吧
33.don’t worry about it别担心了
34.it’s up to you这取决于你；你说了算
35.you too你也是
36.50 each每件50
37.it’s a pity太遗憾了
38.I don’t know我不知道(该怎么做)
39.so it is的确如此
40.take it easy别烦恼，不要生气
41.all right then那好吧
42.I have no idea我不知道
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43.yes，indeed是的，确实是
44.how come怎么会
45.for here or to go在这里吃还是带走
46.I’m not sure我不确定
47.what can I do for you我能为你做点什么
48.let me see让我看一看
49.perfect完美
50.I hope I didn’t bother you我希望我没有打扰到你
51.as long as it doesn’t take long只要不花很长时间
52.you’re lucky你很幸运
53.but why但是为什么呢
54.good idea好主意
55.I’m not available today我今天没空
56.it is nothing这没什么
57.no，thanks不，谢谢
58.well，I can do without it哦，没有它我也能做到
59.not really并非如此
60.I don’t think so我不这样认为
61.dear me天哪
62.that’s true的确如此
63.keep it up坚持下去
64.good for you好极了
65.I’ll make sure you get one我保证你会收到电话的
66.you’re not alone不止你自己这样
67.I’m in no hurry我不急
68.you can’t be serious你不会是当真的吧
69.congratulations祝贺
70.really真的吗
71.just go ahead用吧
72.oh，I’d like to哦，我愿意
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73.I’d love to我想(多待一段时间)
74.it looks fine to me我觉得看上去不错
75.Nothing serious.没关系。
76.No，not much.不，没那么多。
77.No，what’s up？不，怎么了(出什么事了)?
78.I wouldn’t mind that.我很想那样做。
79.Come on in.进来吧。
80.Why me？为什么是我？
[知识链接2] 常见谚语或成语
1.Such kindness of warm sun，can’t be repaid by grass.
谁言寸草心？报得三春晖。
2.When the river rises，the boat floats high.水涨船高。
3.Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。
4.Break a butterfly on the wheel.杀鸡用牛刀。
5.Seek truth from facts./Be practical and realistic./Be true to facts.实事求是。
6.Talk of the devil and he comes.说曹操，曹操到。
7.Speak the plain truth；call a spade a spade；tell it as it is.实话实说。
8.Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.
实践是检验真理的唯一标准。
9.No matter how high the mountain is，its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy.山不在高，有仙则名。
10.hide one’s capacities and bide one’s time 韬光养晦
11.sugar-coated bullets 糖衣炮弹
12.Anything unexpected may happen./a bolt from the blue 天有不测风云。
13.Unity is strength.团结就是力量。
14.Even if one jumped into the Yellow River，he can not wash himself clean./There’s nothing one can do to clear his name.跳进黄河也洗不清。
15.unhealthy practices and evil phenomena歪风邪气
16.Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。
17.The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.往事如风。
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18.Hold high hopes for one’s child.望子成龙。
19.Misfortunes never come singly./When it rains，it pours.屋漏偏逢连阴雨。
20.military expertise；military strategy文韬武略
21.Draw water to one’s mill.唯利是图。
22.Water without a source，and a tree without roots.
无源之水，无本之木。
23.Make/Create something out of nothing.无中生有。
24.There are no waves without wind./There’s no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。
25.Bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends.
徇私枉法。
26.A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。
27.Modesty helps one go forward，whereas conceit makes one lag behind.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
28.Accumulate strength for a take-off.蓄势而发。
29.May all your wish come true.心想事成。
30.Have a tacit understanding./Give tacit consent./tacit understanding心照不宣。
31.First impressions are firmly entrenched.先入为主。
32.Catch the ball before the bound.先下手为强。
33.like an ant on a hot pan像热锅上的蚂蚁
34.Warn people by taking oneself as an example.现身说法。
35.Pour oil on troubled waters.息事宁人。
36.mingled hope and fear.喜忧参半。
37.step by step 循序渐进
38.Speed somebody on their way./Speed the parting guest.一路平安，一路顺风。
39.Be strict with oneself and lenient towards others.
严以律己，宽以待人。
40.All shall be well，and Jack shall have Jill.[谚]Lovers can one day be together.有情人终成眷属。
41.Money makes the mare go.有钱能使鬼推磨。
42.people of vision 有识之士
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43.Use brawn rather than brain.有勇无谋。
44.Separated as we are thousands of miles apart，we come together as if by predestination.有缘千里来相会。
45.Advance with times.与时俱进。
46.people oriented/people foremost 以人为本
47.Teach students according to their aptitude.因材施教。
48.To ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
49.Haste does not bring success.欲速则不达。
50.survival of the fittest 优胜劣汰
51.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
52.Better make friends than make enemies.冤家宜解不宜结。
53.cases in which people were unjustly，falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced/unjust，false or wrong cases冤假错案
54.A real man never goes back on his words.
一言既出，驷马难追。
55.Money and treasures will be plentiful.招财进宝。
56.become debt-ridden 债台高筑
57.Truth will come to light sooner or later.纸包不住火。
58.target of public criticism 众矢之的
59.Know the enemy and know yourself，and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
知己知彼，百战不殆。
60.an armchair strategist 纸上谈兵
61.A bad workman always blames his tools.不会撑船怪河弯。
62.Treat others as you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
63.A burden of one’s choice is not felt.爱挑的担子不嫌重。
64.A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入。
65.Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
66.A fall into a pit，a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
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67.A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。
68.A friend without faults will never be found.
没有十全十美的朋友。
69.A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
70.A good conscience is a soft pillow.不做亏心事，不怕鬼叫门。
71.A good fame is better than a good face.美名胜过美貌。
72.A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。
73.All rivers run into sea.海纳百川。
74.All that ends well is well.结果好，就一切都好。
75.All that glitters is not gold.发光的不一定都是金子。
76.All things are difficult before they are easy.
凡事总是由难而易。
77.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
78.A man can do no more than he can.凡事都应量力而行。
79.A man is known by his friends.什么人交什么朋友。
80.A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds.光说空话不做事，犹如花园光长草。
81.A merry heart goes all the way.心旷神怡，事事顺利。
82.One false step will make a great difference./A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，谬以千里。
83.A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔。
84.A single flower does not make a spring.
一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。
85.Bad news has wings.好事不出门，坏事传千里。
86.Better late than never.迟做总比不做好。
87.One man’s meat is another man’s poison.
萝卜白菜，各有所爱。
88.Business is business.公事公办。
89.Caution is the parent of safety.小心驶得万年船。
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90.Children are what the mothers are.耳濡目染，言传身教。
91.Constant dripping wears away a stone.水滴石穿，绳锯木断。
92.Content is better than riches.知足者常乐。
93.Count one’s chickens before they are hatched.
蛋未孵先数雏。
94.Creep before you walk.循序渐进。
95.Diamond cuts diamond.强中自有强中手。
96.Don’t claim to know what you don’t know.
不要不懂装懂。
97.Don’t make a mountain out of a molehill.不要小题大做。
98.Don’t put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置。
99.Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
不要自找麻烦。
100.Don’t try to teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
不要班门弄斧。
101.Eat to live，but not live to eat.
人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。
102.Even Homer sometimes nods.智者千虑，必有一失。
103.Every dog has his day.谁都有得意的时候。
104.Every minute counts.分秒必争。
105.Fire is a good servant but a bad master.火是一把双刃剑。
106.Four eyes see more than two.集思广益。
107.Give a dog a bad name and hang him.众口铄金，积毁销骨。
108.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。
109.A journey of a thousand miles begins with single step.千里之行，始于足下。
110.He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.自嘲者不会让人见笑。
111.History repeats itself.历史往往重演。
112.If you run after two hares you will catch neither.
脚踏两条船，必定落空。
113.It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
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114.Jack of all trades and master of none.门门精通，样样稀松。
115.Learn to walk before you run.先学走，再学跑。
116.Let bygones be bygones.过去的就让它过去吧。
117.Let sleeping dogs lie.别惹麻烦。
118.Let the cat out of the bag.泄漏天机。
119.Like author like book.文如其人。
120.Love me love my dog.爱屋及乌。
121.Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。
122.Many heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。
123.Misfortunes never come alone.祸不单行。
124.Out of sight，out of mind.眼不见，心不想(烦)。
125.One picture is worth a thousand words.百闻不如一见。
1.China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years.(2018·北京高考)
A.are growing B.have grown
C.will grow D.had grown
答案 B [句意：在过去的几年中，中国的高速铁路已经从9 000公里增加到25 000公里。根据句中的in the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时。]
2.When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________ for years.(2016·天津高考)
A.didn’t see B.haven’t seen
C.hadn’t seen D.wouldn’t see
答案 C [句意：沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作发生在came across之前，且for years是完成时的标志，所以应选表示过去完成时的hadn’t seen。]
3.Silk ________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.(2016·浙江高考)
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A.had become B.was becoming
C.has become D.is becoming
答案 A [句意：到约公元前100年时，丝绸就已成为丝绸之路沿线交易的主要货物之一。by表示“到某一时间为止”，是过去完成时的标志，故选A。]
4.It is reported that a space station ________on the moon in years to come.(安徽高考)
A.will be building B.will be built
C.has been building D.has been built
答案 B [句意：据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。a space station与build之间是被动关系，因此要用被动语态；“未来的几年内”是将来的时间，因此用一般将来时的被动语态。]
5.It was really annoying；I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016·天津高考)
A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t
C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
答案 B [句意：真烦人，我无权使用(couldn’t get access to)你推荐的资料库。B项couldn’t意为“不能”，符合语境。wouldn’t不愿意；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t没必要。]
6.If we ________ the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018·天津高考)
A.had caught B.caught
C.have caught D.would catch
答案 A [根据句意和句中的时间状语可知，这是一个主从条件句的虚拟语气，条件从句中有时间状语yesterday，因此表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。]
7.Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.(2016·浙江高考)
A.had not fallen B.would not fall
C.did not fall D.would not have fallen
答案 D [句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。从句Had...not worked together是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用would (not) have done。故选D。]
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8.George ________ too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016·浙江高考)
A.must have gone B.might have gone
C.can’t have gone D.needn’t have gone
答案 C [句意：乔治不可能走太远，他的咖啡仍是温的。can’t have gone意为“不可能走(远)”，是对过去情况的否定推测，符合语境。must have gone一定已经走(远)，是对过去情况的肯定推测；might have gone可能已经走(远)，是对过去情况可能性不大的推测；needn’t have gone本没必要走(远)，表示本来没必要做某事却做了。]
9.It was so noisy that we ________ hear ourselves speak.(浙江高考)
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
答案 A [句意：这里如此吵闹以至于我们听不见自己讲话。couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t不准；needn’t没有必要。由语境可知，此处表示“我们不能听见自己讲话”，因此选A项。]
10.—The movie starts at 8：30，and we can have a quick bite before we go.
—________.See you at 8：10.(2016·浙江高考)
A.So long B.Sounds great
C.Good luck D.Have a good time
答案 B [句意：“电影将在八点半开始，去之前我们可以吃点快餐。”“听起来不错(Sounds great)。八点十分见。”B项Sounds great 意为“听起来不错”，符合语境。So long再见；Good luck祝你好运；Have a good time玩得愉快。]
11.—Can you come to a party on Saturday，Peter?
—Oh，________I’m already going out，I’m afraid.(安徽高考)
A.what a pity! B.don’t ask!
C.how come? D.so what?
答案 A [句意：“彼得，周六你能来参加一个聚会吗？”“哦，太可惜了！恐怕我要出去。”因为不能应邀参加聚会，所以感觉很可惜。其他选项，don’t ask！不要问！(显得很粗鲁)；how come？怎么回事？so what？那又怎么样？均不符合语境，可排除。]
12.—Sorry，Liz.I think I was a bit rude to you.
—________，but don’t do that again！(天津高考)
A.Go ahead B.Forget it
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C.It depends D.With pleasure
答案 B [句意：“对不起，莉兹。我想我对你有点儿粗鲁了。”“________，但是不要再那么做了！”go ahead(鼓励用语)干吧，做吧；forget it没关系，别在意；it depends那得看情况；with pleasure(客气地接受或同意)当然了，很愿意。根据空格后的but可知，前后语意为转折关系，由此判断，第二个说话者(莉兹)原谅了第一个说话者，故用Forget it。]
13.—Jack，you seem excited.
—________？ I won the first prize in the English speech contest.(天津高考)
A.Guess what B.So what
C.Pardon me D.Who cares
答案 A [句意：“杰克，你似乎很兴奋。”“________？我获得了英语演讲比赛的一等奖。”Guess what？你猜怎么着？用于引出令人惊奇或激动的事。So what？那又怎样？表示认为某事无关紧要。Pardon me？请重复一遍，请再说一遍。Who cares？(常用于无礼地表示)管它呢，谁管呢。根据空格后的句子以及excited可知，此处是告知对方一件让人激动的事情。故用Guess what。]
14.—Let’s go to the New Year’s Eve party，shall we?
—________ I guess it will be fun.(陕西高考)
A.Forget it! B.No way!
C.Why not? D.What for?
答案 C [句意：“咱们去参加除夕晚会，好吗？”“________我想那将会很好玩儿。”Forget it！可用于表示某事不重要，意为“没关系，别在意”，也可用于表示不想重复说过的话，意为“算了，别提它了”；No way！表示“不行，没门儿”；Why not？意为“为什么不呢？”，用于表示赞同某一建议；What for？意为“为什么？”。根据答语中的I guess it will be fun.可知，回答者赞同对方的建议，故选C项。]
15.—Sir，could I hand in my homework a bit late?
—________，since you’ve been unwell these days.(陕西高考)
A.You can’t be serious B.I’m afraid not
C.Good idea D.Well，all right
答案 D [句意：“老师，我可以稍晚一点儿交家庭作业吗？”“________，因为你这些天身体不舒服。”You can’t be serious你一定是在开玩笑吧；I’m afraid not恐怕不能；Good idea好主意；Well，all right嗯，好吧。根据答语中的since you’ve been unwell these
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days可知，老师同意学生的请求，故选D项。]
1.—How are you getting along with your presentation?
—Almost ready，and I ________ all I am supposed to.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三年级第二次模拟)
A.did B.had done
C.have done D.shall have done
答案 D [根据句义理解“你的展示报告准备的怎么样了？”“几乎准备好了，我马上就能完成应该做的所有事情。”shall have done结构，用于将来完成时，此时shall为助动词，主语只限第一人称。本题题眼在于almost。]
2.—Will you take over at the next service area? I want a short rest.
—Sure.You ________ for over four hours by then.(2018·苏北四市高三第一次调研)
A.have driven B.have been driving
C.will be driving D.will have been driving
答案 D [意为“到那时你将已经驾驶超过4小时”，发生在将来，故用将来时，“for over four hours”表示一段时间，故用完成时，选D。]
3.In western countries，only the completely innocent or the determinedly blind could believe that any government activity near to election time ________ electoral implications.(2018·苏北四市高三第一次调研)
A.hasn’t had B.didn’t have
C.doesn’t have D.hadn’t had
答案 C [根据句意“在西方国家，只有无知的人或完全的瞎子才会相信政府在临近大选的时期的活动没有卷入选举问题。”相信的内容作为陈述的一个事实、道理，使用一般现在时，故选C。]
4.—Do you know the guy over there?
—Oh，don’t mistake him as an ordinary person.He’s a ________ in our company.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三年级第二次模拟考试)
A.cold fish B.rotten apple
C.sly fox D.top banana
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答案 D [A项表示“态度冷冰冰的人”，B项表示“坏家伙”，C项表示“狡猾的人”，D项表示“最好的演员、主要人物”。根据句意，主要是在夸这个人，所以选择D项。]
5.—It’s probably wise to let Princess Elzabeth undertake the Commonwealth tour.________
—Well，she’s up to it.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三年级第二次模拟考试)
A.What is it? B.If you say so.
C.What say you? D.If only I could go.
答案 C [B项表示“你说了算，听你的”，C项表示“你怎么看”，D项表示“要是我能去就好了”，本题的意思是问别人是否赞同刚刚作出的猜测，所以选择C项。]
6.They say at the end of your life，you regret the stuff you didn’t do more than the stuff that you ________.(2018·南京市高三年级第三次模拟)
A.do B.did
C.had done D.would do
答案 B [句意：在你生命的最后时间，你会更加后悔那些你没有做过的事而不是那些你做过的事。做过的事，时态为过去时，故用did，选B。]
7.Held inside for too long，regret ________ affect the immune system.(2018·南京市高三年级第三次模拟)
A.must B.can
C.should D.shall
答案 B [can表示可能。在心里憋得时间过长，后悔可能会有影响到免疫系统。故选B。]
8.—I had my computer stolen in my office，but luckily the police got it back to me.
—How unbelievable！The thief ________ it.(2018·苏北四市高三第一次调研)
A.need have sold B.might have sold
C.should have sold D.must have sold
答案 B [根据句意“我的电脑在办公室被偷了，但幸运的是警察拿到后带给了我。”“难以置信！小偷本可以卖掉它。”might have 在句中表示过去本应该发生但实际上并没有发生的事。故选B。]
9.As we go shopping，we can often hear the salesperson say，“If you don’t buy now，you may find you’ve ________.”(2018·江苏四星级学校4月联考)
A.hit the spot B.spilt the beans
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C.held your horses D.missed the boat
答案 D [句意：当我们购物的时候，我们经常能听到售货员这样说：“如果你现在不买的话，你会错失良机的。”hit the spot“适得其用”；spill the beans“泄露秘密，说漏嘴”；hold your horses“且慢，请三思”。]
10.The staff were ________ when the company announced a fat bonus for everyone.(2018·苏北四市高三第一次调研测试)
A.in the red B.as white as a sheet
C.tickled pink D.in the black
答案 C [in the red亏空，赤字，as white as a sheet(脸色)苍白，tickled pink十分乐意的，in the black盈利。句意为“当公司宣布发给每个人丰厚的奖金，工作人员们都十分乐意。”故选C。]
11.—My colleague is always trying to persuade me to buy goods I dislike at YunJi APP.
—Sounds terrible.I mean，________.(2018·苏北四市高三第一次调研测试)
A.life is a horse，and either you ride it or it rides you
B.the car will find its way round the hill when it gets there
C.take care of the pence，and the pounds will take care of themselves
D.you may take a horse to the water，but you cannot make him drink
答案 D [A.人生就像一匹马，你不驾驭它，它就会驾驭你；B.车到山前必有路；C.小事留意，大事顺利；D.河边牵马易，逼其饮水难。根据句意“我的同事总是试着引导我在云集APP上买我不喜欢的东西。”“听起来很可怕，我觉得强扭的瓜不甜。”]
12.It is always the case that the police conduct an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who ________ the offence.
A.commits B.commit
C.committed D.will commit
答案 C [句意：常规的做法就是：警察先进行调查再查找犯罪的证据。此题考查时态，在that引导的定语从句中犯罪的动作明显是过去的行为，故要使用过去式，所以选C。]
13.—Did you get your driving license?
—Yes，otherwise I ________ to my hometown next month.
A.wouldn’t drive B.wouldn’t have driven
C.won’t drive D.couldn’t have driven
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答案 A [句意：“你拿到驾照了吗？”“是的，要不然我下个月就不能开车去我老家了。”该题考查的是otherwise一词的虚拟语气的用法，在表示与将来事实相反的情况下要使用would do sth，故A项正确。]
14.Tom was ________ when he heard his partner would go abroad to have a holiday while he had to stay here and work.
A.a big potato B.green with envy
C.in the red D.the top dog
答案 B [句意：听到他的搭档要去国外度假而他却只能工作，Tom很是嫉妒。A项表示的是“大人物”；B项是“嫉妒”；C项表示“赤字”；D项是“领导人物”之意，故B项正确。]
15.—The College Entrance Examination is coming; we need to hit the books and prepare it.
—________.Let’s burn the midnight oil together.
A.You are what you wear
B.You have me there
C.You can say that again
D.You don’t say so
答案 C [句意：“高考要到了，我们抓紧时间复习准备吧。”“你说的对，我们一起用功吧。”A项是“人靠衣装”，指的是外表对人的影响；B项是“你难倒我了”；C项是“你说的对”，而D项是“你说真的吗？”，故C项适合。]
(每组限时45分钟)
词义辨析类
1.The volunteers provided the lonely elders each with an overcoat，________ could help them keep warm through the winter.
A.one B.that
C.it D.one that
答案 D [句意：志愿者给那些孤独的老人每人提供了一件大衣，一件能够帮助他们保暖过冬的大衣。根据语境，此处应用one指代an overcoat，且此处one作an overcoat的同位语，后面的that引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，that不可以省略。]
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2.A young person is said to have behavior disorder when his or her behavior is noticeably different from ________ expected in the school or community.(2018·盐城市高三三模)
A.one B.ones
C.that D.those
答案 C [句意：当一个年轻人的行为明显不同于学校或社会期望的行为时，他(她)就被认为有行为障碍。空处替代the behavior，表示特指，故用that。]
3.During each NBA season，basketball fans cheer on their favorite teams to make ________ through.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三二模)
A.it B.them
C.that D.those
答案 A [句意：在每个NBA赛季中，篮球迷为他们最喜爱的球队加油，鼓励他们顺利通过这个赛季。make it through“成功渡过，通过”。]
4.A lot of suggestions were put forward at the meeting，but ________ was practical.
A.nothing B.none
C.neither D.no one
答案 B [句意：会议上提出了很多建议，但是没有一个符合实际的。none可用来指代前面提到过的三个或三个以上的人或物，表示一个都没有，强调数量，符合语境。]
5.—Which day shall we go on a picnic next week?
—Make it ________ day you like，for it makes no difference to me.(2018·苏锡常镇四市高三调研一)
A.one B.any
C.another D.other
答案 B [“我们下个星期哪一天去野餐呢？”“随你便，定在哪一天都可以，因为这对我来说无所谓”。根据答语中的“it makes no difference to me”可知，对于答话者来说定在任何一天都可以，所以用any表示“任何的”。]
6.Heading out on the waters in search of whales is a routine he does，and ________ that，as he hopes，won’t be lost if whale-watching goes the way of so many mass tourism attractions.(2018·江苏省高三第二学期六校联考)
A.which B.one
C.it D.that
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答案 B [句意：出海搜寻鲸鱼是他所做的日常工作，如果观鲸走的是这么多大众旅游景点的老路的话，他不希望丢失这份工作。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中充当表语，代替a routine，因此选择one。]
7.Though its GDP ranks second in the world，China remains a developing country with its average family income far below ________ of Western developed countries.
A.it B.those
C.one D.that
答案 D [句意：虽然中国的GDP世界排名第二，但它仍然是一个发展中国家，其家庭平均收入远低于西方发达国家的家庭平均收入。空处指代前面提到的“average family income”，同名不同物，且表示特指，故用that。]
8.Being elected as a delegate to the 19th National Congress of CPC was a great honor to her and brought with ________ sacred rights and duties.(2018·扬州泰州第六市高三第二次调研)
A.them B.it
C.one D.her
答案 B [句意：被选为第19届中国共产党全国代表大会的代表，她被赋予了崇高的荣誉，以及神圣的权利和义务。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处指代前面的“Being elected as a delegate to the 19th National Congress of CPC”，应用it。故选B项。]
9.Stress has become part of big-city life and the TV series Swan Dive for Love focuses on ________.
A.one B.the one
C.it D.those
答案 C [句意：压力已经成为大城市生活中的一部分，而电视剧《北上广不相信眼泪》的关注点就是压力。it可替代上文提到的同一事物，替代的通常是可数名词单数或不可数名词，此处替代前面的Stress，属于“同名同物”。]
10.He was faced with the ________ of whether to go abroad for further study or find a job to support his family after he graduated from college.
A.contrast B.difference
C.adjustment D.dilemma
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答案 D [句意：大学毕业以后他面临着是出国继续深造还是找一份工作来养家糊口的两难境地。dilemma “(进退两难的)窘境，困境”，符合语境。contrast “对比”；difference “差别”；adjustment “调整”。]
11.Environmental experts point out increasing pollution not only causes sharp global warming，but also poses a major ________ to all creatures on the planet.(2018·江苏名校联考)
A.reference B.admission
C.threat D.solution
答案 C [句意：环境专家指出持续增加的污染不仅会导致全球急剧变暖，而且会是地球上所有生物的一大威胁。pose a threat to“对……构成威胁”为固定搭配，符合句意。reference“参考，涉及”；admission“加入权，进入权”；solution“解决方案，解决办法”。]
12.Having a regular bedtime ________ is something people can do to lower their risk of becoming overweight.
A.arrangement B.activity
C.trend D.routine
答案 D [句意：有一个规律的就寝时间是人们可以做的降低他们变胖的风险的事情。routine “常规，惯例”，符合句意。arrangement “安排”；activity “活动”；trend “趋势”。]
13.Many people tend to assume that ________ just means creating something new，but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)
A.imitation B.imagination
C.innovation D.inspiration
答案 C [句意：许多人往往会认为创新仅仅意味着创造一些新的东西，但是事实上它远不止此，它(还)是一种做事的态度。imitation意为“模仿，效仿”；imagination意为“想象，想象力”；innovation意为“创新，改革”；inspiration意为“灵感，妙计”。故选C项。]
14.Many parents received a message about the class ________ because of hazy days in Beijing.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
A.inspection B.suspension
C.anticipation D.participation
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答案 B [句意：在北京许多父母都收到了由于雾霾而暂时停课的信息。A项意为“考察，视察”；B项意为“暂停，暂令停学”；C项意为“预见，预期”；D项意为“参加”。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。]
15.In Beijing opera，performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the ________ and depths of the characters’ personalities.(2018·苏州市高三调研)
A.dimensions B.certificates
C.occupations D.consciences
答案 A [句意：在京剧里，表演者们被要求在脸上画上图案并着色，以帮助展示人物个性的广度和深度。根据句意，此处表示“广度”，所以要选dimensions。而certificate “证书”；occupation “职业，占有”；conscience “道德心，良心”，均不符合句意。]
16.When you cast a ________ for others，you help them see their potential and their possibilities.(2018·镇江市高三一模)
A.glance B.doubt
C.shadow D.vision
答案 D [句意：当你为他人设想时，你帮助他们看到了自己的潜力和可能性。glance意为“一瞥”；doubt意为“怀疑”；shadow意为“影子”；vision意为“构想，设想”。根据句意可知应选D项。]
17.The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual ________ of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.
A.award B.admission
C.allowance D.acquisition
答案 C [句意：今年地方当局给每个大学生每年提供4 000元作为食物和学费的补贴。allowance “补贴，津贴”，符合语境。award “奖品”；admission “承认，入场费”；acquisition “获得”。]
18.According to the regulations，most of our flights have a baggage ________ of 22 kilograms per passenger.(2018·南通市高三第一次调研)
A.gravity B.session
C.punctuation D.allowance
答案 D [句意：按照规章制度，我们的大多数航班对每个乘客的行李限重是22公斤。allowance意为“限额，津贴，零用钱”，符合语境。]
19.—Peter，this is Hanna，a famous model from Warner Bros.Entertainment Inc.in New
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York.
—How do you do？I’m very delighted to make your ________.
A.identification B.acquaintance
C.familiarity D.identity
答案 B [——Peter，这是Hanna，来自纽约华纳兄弟娱乐公司的一位著名的模特。——你好。我很高兴认识你。make sb’s acquaintance是固定用法，意为“与某人初次相见，结识某人”。]
20.In lightning I noticed a tall ________ running towards the other side of the street.(2018·南京市四校第一学期联考)
A.appearance B.shadow
C.figure D.character
答案 C [句意：借着闪电的光，我看到了一个高大的人影朝街道的另一侧跑去。figure “(远处人的)轮廓，人影”，符合语境。appearance “外貌”；shadow “阴影”；character “人物，角色”。]
21.The artist is among the few who continue to draw after childhood is ended without the ________ of academic training.(2018·盐城市高三三模)
A.evolution B.assumption
C.distinction D.interruption
答案 D [句意：艺术家诞生于少数的这类人中，他们在童年结束以后不被学术训练打断而继续画画。evolution “进化，演变”；assumption “假定，假设”；distinction “区分”；interruption “打岔，打扰”。故选D项。]
22.Is it common practice that salesmen receive a ________ of 10 percent on all sales made?
A.deposit B.receipt
C.pension D.commission
答案 D [句意：销售员在所有的销售中获得百分之十的回扣是一种常见做法吗？deposit “存款”；receipt “收据”；pension “退休金”；commission “佣金，回扣”。]
23.________ of the inaccuracy of the answer given，he turned to the professor to make sure.
A.Ignorant B.Suspicious
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C.Tolerant D.Confident
答案 B [句意：(因为)怀疑所给答案不准确，(所以)他向教授求助以核实(答案的准确性)。ignorant “无知的”；suspicious “怀疑的”；tolerant “宽容的”；confident “有信心的”。]
24.Generally，the company has a preference for those who have ________ experience and skills in the job.
A.unique B.previous
C.unforgettable D.appropriate
答案 B [句意：通常来说，公司会青睐那些以前有过类似工作经验和技能的人。unique “独特的，独一无二的”；previous “先前的”；unforgettable “难忘的”；appropriate “适当的”。]
25.—The two young mothers tend to talk away for hours on end directly they meet.
—It is evident that the experience of raising children is rather ________ to each other.(2018·江苏名校联考)
A.impressive B.parallel
C.sensitive D.rigid
答案 B [——这两个年轻的母亲往往一见面就连续聊上几个小时。——很明显，她们彼此抚养孩子的经历是相当相似的。parallel“类似的，相似的”。impressive“令人钦佩的，给人深刻印象的”；sensitive“敏感的，易受影响的”；rigid“固执的，死板的”。]
26.In China，the most ________ Spring Festival custom is making dumplings in the north while New Year Cakes in the south.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
A.temporary B.punctual
C.authentic D.stubborn
答案 C [句意：在中国，最真实的春节习俗是，北方做饺子而南方做年糕。A项意为“临时的”；B项意为“准时的”；C项意为“真实的”；D项意为“顽固的”。根据句意可知，C项符合语境。]
27.To promote a correct understanding of the Basic Law，we need the courage to clarify some ________ points of view and to put the system into practice.(2018·苏州市高三调研)
A.artificial B.arbitrary
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C.ambiguous D.absolute
答案 C [句意：为了促进对《基本法》的正确理解，我们需要有勇气去澄清一些含混不清的观点，同时把该(法律)体系付之于实践。此处表示“含混不清的”观点，所以要用ambiguous。artificial “人造的，仿造的，虚伪的”；arbitrary “任意的，武断的，专制的”；absolute “绝对的，完全的”，均不符合句意。]
28.More employers now offer fresh college graduates ________ jobs，hoping to seek out experienced candidates.(2018·镇江市高三一模)
A.contemporary B.temporary
C.permanent D.primitive
答案 B [句意：现在更多的雇主向应届大学毕业生提供临时工作，希望找到有经验的人选。contemporary意为“同时代的”；temporary意为“临时的”；permanent意为“永久的”；primitive意为“原始的”。根据句意可知应选B项。]
29.Thanks to the efforts of the last three years，there has been a ________ change in the infrastructure construction of our city.
A.tentative B.confidential
C.fundamental D.conventional
答案 C [句意：多亏了过去三年的努力，我们的城市在基础设施建设方面已经发生了十分重大的变化。fundamental意为“十分重大的，基础的，根本的”，符合语境。tentative意为“踌躇的”；confidential意为“机密的，隐密的”；conventional意为“传统的，依照惯例的”。]
30.—Have you heard that Jack has been promoted to sales manager recently?
—It’s nothing to be surprised at.The reason why he has won the trust of customers is that he has a/an ________ attitude.
A.changeable B.flexible
C.movable D.alternate
答案 B [——你听说了吗？Jack最近被提升为销售经理了。——这没什么值得惊讶的。他赢得了顾客的信任是因为他有一个灵活的态度。flexible “灵活的”，符合句意。changeable “常变的，易变的”；movable “可移动的，不固定的”；alternate “交替的，轮流的”。]
31.Sometimes Mr.Seymour didn’t know what to do with his vacant time.His vacation plan was rather ________.(2018·南京市四校第一学期联考)
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A.absurd B.vague
C.concrete D.extensive
答案 B [句意：有时候Seymour先生不知道怎样处理他的空闲时间。他的假期计划相当不明确。vague “模糊的，不明确的”，符合语境。absurd “荒唐的”；concrete “具体的”；extensive “广泛的”。]
32.—Why can’t John land a ________ job in years?
—Anyone with criminal records will be laid off first when it comes time to let staff go.(2018·南京市高三三模)
A.rewarding B.demanding
C.worthwhile D.stable
答案 D [——John为什么多年来找不到一份稳定的工作？——任何有犯罪记录的人在裁员时都会被先解雇的。rewarding “报酬高的，有益的”；demanding “要求高的，苛刻的”；worthwhile “值得做的，重要的”；stable “稳定的”。]
33.The sum total of housework should be divided，according to household needs，and be assigned to members，________ with their will and skill.(2018·盐城市高三三模)
A.concerned B.familiar
C.consistent D.associated
答案 C [句意：全部家务活应该根据家庭的需要分配给家庭成员，并要和他们的意愿和能力相符。(be) concerned with “关注”；(be) familiar with “对……熟悉”；(be) consistent with “与……相符、一致”；(be) associated with “与……有关”。根据句意可知选C项。]
34.—Iris is always kind and ________ to the suffering of others.
—No wonder she chooses to be a relief worker.
A.allergic B.immune
C.relevant D.sensitive
答案 D [——Iris总是很善良并且能体恤别人的痛苦。——难怪她选择当一名救援工作者。allergic “讨厌的，过敏的”；immune “免疫的”；relevant “相关的”；sensitive “体恤的，敏感的”。]
35.Catherine wasn’t sure if the album was the right one，but she bought it ________.
A.instead B.otherwise
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C.though D.anyway
答案 D [句意：凯瑟琳不能确定是否就是这张音乐专辑，但她还是买了。anyway “尽管，即使这样”，符合语境。instead “反而”；though “不过，然而”。]
36.It is said that a storm will hit this area.________ the football match is postponed.
A.Instead B.However
C.Therefore D.Besides
答案 C [句意：据说一场暴风雨将侵袭这个地区。因此，足球比赛被推迟了。根据句意可知，空后的内容为空前的内容的结果。故选C项。]
37.The old couple are considering moving to the country ________ its quietness and lower living costs.
A.in view of B.in terms of
C.in spite of D.in face of
答案 A [句意：鉴于那儿安静的环境和较低的生活费用，这对老夫妇正考虑移居到乡村去生活。in view of “鉴于，考虑到”；in terms of “就……而言”；in spite of “尽管”；in face of “面临”。]
38.And until they’re made aware that that offense is as serious as it is，they don’t take it seriously ________.
A.above all B.after all
C.at all D.in all
答案 C [句意：直到他们被迫意识到那起犯罪的严重性，他们才对其重视起来。at all可用在否定句中表示“根本不，一点也不”。above all “最重要的是”；after all “毕竟，终究”；in all “总共”。]
39.Pingyao has been listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO ________ its conserved ancient city layout.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
A.in charge of B.in defence of
C.in search of D.in recognition of
答案 D [句意：平遥被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产地，这是对它保存完好的古代城市布局的认可。A项意为“负责，管理”；B项意为“为……辩护，保护”；C项意为“搜查”；D项意为“认可，承认”。根据句意可知，D项正确。]
40.Invest in yourself and hold on to your dreams.________，stay with those who will
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encourage you to go on forward all the way.(2018·苏州市高三调研)
A.In fact B.In contrast
C.In brief D.In addition
答案 D [句意：在你自己身上投资并坚持你的梦想。此外，还要和那些鼓励你一路上继续前行的人待在一起。根据句意，要选In addition “另外，此外”。In fact “事实上”；In contrast “与此相反，比较起来”；In brief “简单地说，简言之”，均不符合句意。]
41.The life you live will expand or shrink ________ the measure of courage you display.
A.in proportion to B.in place of
C.in competition with D.in return for
答案 A [句意：你过的生活将扩大或缩小与你展示的勇气的程度相称。in proportion to意为“与……相称”；in place of意为“代替”；in competition with意为“与……竞争”；in return for意为“作为……的回报”。根据句意可知应选A项。]
42.The majority of consumers are reluctant to have their used mobile phones recycled ________ leaking their privacy.(2018·江苏名校联考)
A.for fear of B.by contrast to
C.with reference to D.in defence of
答案 A [句意：由于担心泄露隐私，大多数消费者都不愿使他们的旧手机被回收。for fear of“以防，唯恐”符合句意。by contrast to“和……相比”；with reference to“关于”；in defence of“保护，防护，为……辩护”。]
43.Good news is that most states have adjusted the common law rules ________ the injured workers.
A.on account of B.on behalf of
C.in favor of D.in honor of
答案 C [句意：好消息是大部分州都对普通法规则作出了有利于受伤的工人的修改。in favor of “支持，有利于”，符合语境，故选C项。on account of “由于，因为”；on behalf of “代表……”；in honor of “为了纪念……”。]
44.Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves，so it’s only natural that we want to learn something useful ________ our efforts.(2018·南京市高三三模)
A.in view of B.in response to
C.in parallel with D.in return for
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答案 D [句意：我们中的很多人把读书看成是对自身的投资，因此我们想学到一些有用的东西作为我们努力的回报是再自然不过的事情了。in view of “鉴于”；in response to “作为对……的回应”；in parallel with “与……同时”；in return for “作为对……的回报”。]
45.Gardens provide a place for people to relax and play sports，________ shelter from the noisy environment of a city.
A.instead of B.rather than
C.as well as D.in spite of
答案 C [句意：花园为人们提供了一个远离城市嘈杂环境的庇护所，同时也提供了放松和运动的场所。instead of “代替”；rather than “而不是”；as well as “也，还”；in spite of “尽管”。故选C项。]
46.Hopefully，the new method will be effective，helping students to get their career plans ________.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三二模)
A.at hand B.at will
C.on trial D.on track
答案 D [句意：但愿新方法能够奏效，帮助学生让他们的职业规划走上正轨。at hand “接近”；at will “随心所欲，任意”；on trial “在试验中”；on track “走上正轨”。]
47.Charles was an odd character whom Kelly had never really ________.
A.appealed to B.taken to
C.catered to D.submitted to
答案 B [句意：查尔斯是个怪人，凯利从来没有真正喜欢过他。appeal to “对……有吸引力”；take to “开始喜欢，喜欢上……”；cater to “迎合，满足需要”；submit to “向……屈服”。]
48.I feel both excited and nervous to speak before such a large audience，so I spent a lot of time ________ my lecture.
A.allocating B.releasing
C.promoting D.polishing
答案 D [句意：面对这么多人讲话我感到既兴奋又紧张，因此我花了很多时间来给我的演讲润色。allocate “分配”；release “发表，发布”；promote “提高”；polish “润色，修改”。]
49.—Why didn’t you answer my message？We were waiting anxiously for your decision.
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—Sorry.It ________ my notice，as I was busy receiving some new clients.
A.deserved B.failed
C.escaped D.denied
答案 C [——你为什么不回我的信息？我们在焦急地等待着你的决定。——对不起。由于我当时正忙于接待几个新客户，没有注意到你的信息。escape one’s notice/attention “未被某人注意，被某人忽视”。deserve “应得”；fail “评定(某人)不及格，使失望”；deny “拒绝”。]
50.—Oh，my God.It seems that something is wrong with the engine.
—I hope it can ________ until we get to the next garage.
A.work out B.stand out
C.hold out D.set out
答案 C [——噢，我的天哪。引擎似乎出问题了。——我希望它能坚持到我们到达下一个修理厂。work out “锻炼，算出”；stand out “显眼，突出”；hold out “坚持”；set out “出发，开始工作”。]
51.Merkel called May to congratulate her on becoming Prime Minister and to ________ her success in the new job.
A.promise B.spare
C.allow D.wish
答案 D [根据句意可知，此处表达的是“祝愿”，故用wish，wish sb sth “祝愿某人……”。promise “承诺，允诺”；spare “留出”；allow “允许”。]
52.Facebook has recently ________ a string of Facebook groups committed to illegally sharing copyrighted music.
A.cracked down on B.fallen back on
C.kept up with D.got away with
答案 A [句意：脸谱网最近严厉打击了一批致力于非法分享版权音乐的脸谱网群体。crack down on意为“严厉打击，镇压”；fall back on意为“求助于，转而依靠”；keep up with意为“跟上，赶上”；get away with意为“应付过去，(做错事而)不受惩罚”。故选A项。]
53.—I regret to tell you that the council did not ________ our plan.
—Oh，what a shame！(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)
A.smile on B.concentrate on
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C.see through D.live through
答案 A [——我很遗憾地告诉你，我们的计划没有受到委员会的青睐。——噢，真可惜。smile on意为“垂青，对……青睐”；concentrate on意为“集中”；see through意为“看穿，帮助某人(渡过难关)”；live through意为“经历”。根据句意可知应选A项。]
54.Psychologists explain how your walk can ________ your hidden personalities in a recent behavioral study.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
A.reserve B.relieve
C.release D.reveal
答案 D [句意：在最近的一项行为研究中，心理学研究者解释说，你的走路姿势可以揭示你潜在的个性。A项意为“预订”；B项意为“解除，缓解”；C项意为“释放，发布”；D项意为“透露，揭示”。根据句意可知，D项符合语境。]
55.Friendship does not merely ________ a sharing of activities；it is a sharing of the self on a very personal level.(2018·苏州市高三调研测试)
A.involve B.request
C.associate D.deliver
答案 A [句意：友谊并不仅仅涉及一起参加活动；它是非常个人化的对自我的分享。根据句意，此处表示“包含，涉及”，故要用involve。request “要求”；associate “使联合，使发生联系”；deliver “发表，递送”，均不符合句意。]
56.I think the experiment supports my theory，but I need to ________ the results a couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.
A.get over B.take over
C.hand over D.go over
答案 D [句意：我认为这项实验支持我的理论，但是我需要多次仔细检查这些结果来确保在收集数据时没有犯任何错误。表示“检查，仔细检查”要用go over。get over “克服，恢复，越过”；take over “接收，接管”；hand over “交出，移交”，均不符合句意。]
57.APEC economies will continue to ________food security needs，and how best to meet them through policy action.
A.satisfy B.assess
C.overlook D.remove
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答案 B [句意：亚太经合组织经济体将继续评估食品安全需求以及通过政策行为如何最佳地满足需求。satisfy意为“满足”；assess意为“评估”；overlook意为“忽略”；remove意为“去除”。根据句意可知应选B项。]
58.—Don’t forget to drop me a line when you settle down.
—Trust me！I won’t.I’ll keep you ________.
A.touched B.posted
C.corresponded D.preserved
答案 B [——你安顿下来的时候别忘了给我写信。——相信我！我不会忘记的。我会经常向你报告最新的情况的。touch “触摸”；post “邮寄，发布”，keep sb posted “经常向某人报告最新的情况”；correspond “符合，相一致，通信”，是不及物动词；preserve “保存，保护”。所以答案为B。]
59.Schools in our city provide a variety of optional classes to ________ students of different levels.(2018·南通市高三第一次调研测试)
A.cater to B.switch to
C.object to D.submit to
答案 A [句意：我们城市的学校为了迎合不同水平的学生的需要提供了各种各样的选修课。cater to意为“满足需要，迎合”；switch to意为“切换到，转到，转变成”；object to意为“反对，不赞成”；submit to意为“提交，顺从，屈服”。]
60.Digital teaching，as you know，since introduced，has ________ our way of learning，enabling us to focus more in class.
A.traded B.transformed
C.translated D.transported
答案 B [句意：正如你所知道的，自数字化教学被引入以来，它已经改变了我们学习的方式，使我们在课堂上能更专注。transform “使改变”，符合句意。trade “交易，买卖”；translate “翻译”；transport “运输”。]
句法结构类
1.Without his support, we wouldn’t be ________ we are now.(2018·北京高考)
A.how B.when
C.where D.why
答案 C [根据语境可知，此处用where引导表语从句。where引导从句且在从句中作地点状语。]
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2.The nurse’s attitude towards the patients was such ________ they couldn’t live with.
A.as B.that
C.which D.what
答案 A [句意：那位护士对待病人的态度让他们无法容忍。定语从句中，若先行词为such或such修饰的名词，关系代词用as。本句中关系代词as在从句中作live with的宾语。]
3.Locke says college is a difficult time ________ students want to make friends，find their identity and succeed academically.
A.what B.which
C.where D.when
答案 D [a difficult time是先行词，表示时间，后面是定语从句，定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以用when。]
4.He’s a very good actor，________ a lot of comedians are not，and he’s a good director and a good writer as well.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)
A.who B.where
C.whom D.which
答案 D [句意：他是一个非常好的演员，很多喜剧演员都不是，而且他也是一位好导演和好作家。先行词a very good actor在非限制性定语从句中作are not的表语，表示职业，所以用关系代词which引导。故选D项。]
5.Vancouver’s appeal consists of comfort and security，making it what Andy Yan calls a “hedge city”，________ feature is social and political stability.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
A.of which B.of whom
C.which D.whose
答案 D [句意：温哥华的魅力在于舒适和安全，这使它成为Andy Yan口中的“对冲城市”，它的特点体现在社会和政治的稳定性上。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，修饰先行词hedge city，关系代词whose在从句中作名词feature的定语。]
6.In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower，________ is often called the CN Tower for short.(2018·苏州市高三调研)
A.where B.which
C.that D.when
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答案 B [句意：在多伦多的中心是加拿大国家电视塔，它经常被简称为CN Tower。根据句子的结构来判断，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词为the Canadian National Tower，且空处在从句中作主语，故只能用which。]
7.As to Gaokao reform，the spokesman had a sincere conversation with journalists，the press release of ________ has already been made public.(2018·镇江市高三一模)
A.whom B.which
C.when D.where
答案 B [句意：关于高考改革，发言人与记者进行了真诚的交谈，交谈的新闻稿已经被公开了。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，且该定语从句表示所属关系，先行词为a sincere conversation，应用“名词＋of＋which”结构。故选B项。]
8.We are creating a new vision for public health ________ all of society work together to get healthier and live longer.
A.which B.whom
C.where D.when
答案 C [句意：我们正在为公共健康创建一个新的理念，在这样的理念中，社会中的每个人为了变得更健康、更长寿而一起努力。句中含有一个定语从句，先行词是vision，故用where在此引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。]
9.While the house prices in Wuxi keep rising，a lot of houses have been sold out，________ most were sold to buyers from Shanghai and Suzhou.
A.in which B.among them
C.of which D.of them
答案 C [句意：尽管无锡的房价在继续上涨，但是许多房子已经售完了，其中大多数房子卖给了来自上海和苏州的购房者。根据句子的结构来判断，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，指的是“售出的许多房子中的大多数”，故用of which来引导该从句。]
10.We all live with a certain degree of stress，but there is a point ________ it becomes unmanageable，causing physical and mental illness.(2018·南京市四校第一学期联考)
A.for which B.on where
C.in that D.at which
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答案 D [句意：生活中我们所有人都有一定程度的压力，但是在某个阶段，压力变得难以控制从而导致生理上和心理上的疾病。空处引导定语从句，当先行词为point且引导词在从句中作地点状语时，用where或at which引导定语从句。]
11.Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a baby’s body clock，________，researchers note，should be in place by about 4 months of age.(2018·南京市高三三模)
A.whose B.which
C.when D.where
答案 B [句意：保持有规律的睡眠时间对确定婴儿的生物钟很重要，研究者指出这在他们大约四个月大的时候就应当就绪了。关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代a baby’s body clock，且在定语从句中充当主语。定语从句中的researchers note是插入语。]
12.With the help of the Internet，different countries have come together to form a community ________ people can share thoughts and global issues.(2018·盐城市高三三模)
A.whose B.which
C.where D.when
答案 C [句意：在网络的帮助下，不同国家的人聚集到一起形成一个社会团体，在这个团体里人们能分享想法和全球问题。先行词是community，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故选择where。]
13.Tony Garcia，________ is traveling to America because of business meeting，is the only person that witnesses the murder.
A.who B.whom
C.that D.which
答案 A [句意：因为一个商务会议正前往美国旅行的Tony Garcia是这起谋杀案的唯一目击证人。空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tony Garcia，指人，且空处在从句中作主语，故需用who引导该定语从句。]
14.A great number of visitors flood in to climb up to the top of the tower，________ they can have a good view of the whole city.
A.to where B.from what
C.with which D.from where
答案 D [句意：许多游客蜂拥而来以登上塔顶，从那里他们可以一览全市风光。from where they can...是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。注意：where在此处为关系代词而非关系副词。]
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15.The little monkey，________ mother was killed by a truck，is being taken good care of by an old man.
A.which B.where
C.whose D.that
答案 C [句意：这只小猴子正由一位老人细心照料，它的母亲被一辆卡车撞死了。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The little monkey，且关系词在从句中作定语修饰mother，表示“它的”，故选whose。]
16.I may not come to see you recently ________ I can complete the project ahead of time.
A.after B.since
C.unless D.once
答案 C [句意：除非我能提前完成那个项目，否则我最近可能不会来看你了。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处应用unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”。]
17.The book will tell young Chinese that they should face the challenges，________ “tears and running away”doesn’t solve problems.
A.as B.though
C.in case D.so that
答案 A [句意：这本书将告诉中国的年轻人，他们应该直面挑战，因为“眼泪和逃避”并不能解决问题。as “因为”，引导原因状语从句，符合语境。]
18.We students should hold such an attitude：________ we achieve great success in our study，we should not be proud.
A.only if B.in case
C.now that D.even though
答案 D [句意：我们学生应该持有这样一种态度：即使我们在学习中取得了巨大成功，也不应该骄傲。even though “即使，尽管”引导让步状语从句。]
19.The boy made a lot of mistakes in his homework ________ he did his homework as he watched TV.
A.though B.unless
C.because D.if
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答案 C [句意：这个男孩的家庭作业中出现了许多错误，因为他一边看电视一边做作业。根据句意可知，这个男孩的作业中出现许多错误的原因是他边看电视边做作业，也就是说空后的内容是因，空前的内容是果，故答案为because。]
20.You’d better make a schedule for the trip in advance ________ you waste too much time on planning during your trip.
A.in case B.as if
C.so that D.now that
答案 A [句意：你最好提前为旅途作一个日程安排，以免你在旅行过程中把过多的时间浪费在制订计划上。根据语境可知，应选in case “以防，以免”。]
21.One of the true tests of leadership is the ability to recognize a problem ________ it becomes an emergency.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)
A.when B.before
C.after D.unless
答案 B [句意：领导能力的真正考验之一就是在紧急情况出现之前就认识到问题(的存在)的能力。when意为“当……时”；before意为“在……之前”；after意为“在……之后”；unless意为“除非”。根据句意可知应选B项。]
22.They agreed to lend us the car ________we returned it before the weekend.
A.on condition that B.for fear that
C.so that D.even if
答案 A [句意：他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。根据句意，此处应用on condition that “在……条件下”引导条件状语从句。]
23.Why do we pay so much attention to gossip about pop stars，________ millions are made up and forgotten every day？(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
A.where B.when
C.what D.which
答案 B [句意：既然每天会有很多闲言碎语被编造和遗忘，那么我们为什么要如此关注流行音乐歌星的流言蜚语呢？根据题干可知，应用when在此引导原因状语从句，相当于since，意为“既然”。]
24.Memories from childhood stay with us forever，taking us ________ we have been and will go.(2018·镇江市高三一模)
A.what B.how
C.where D.that
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答案 C [句意：童年的记忆永远陪伴着我们——把我们带到我们已去过的和我们将去的地方。根据语境及句子结构可知，此处应用where引导地点状语从句。故选C项。]
25.________ the arguments，it’s necessary to consider the contributions Hong Kong Disneyland has made in lifting the number of tourists.
A.Whatever B.Whichever
C.However D.Whenever
答案 A [句意：无论争论是什么，考虑到香港迪士尼乐园在提升游客人数方面已经作出的贡献是必要的。让步状语从句Whatever the arguments相当于Whatever the arguments are。所以答案为A。]
26.________ they would name the two new roads “Emoji Street” and “Meme Street” was being discussed in a town is Southern Finland.
A.Whether B.What
C.Which D.How
答案 A [句意：在南芬兰省的一个小镇里，他们正在讨论是否要将这两条新路命名为“Emoji Street”和“Meme Street”。空处在此引导主语从句，并且表示“是否”，故选A项。]
27.The beauty of Guilin is by no means ________ a traveler who has never been there can imagine.
A.where B.that
C.what D.which
答案 C [句意：桂林的美绝不是一个从未去过那儿的游客能想象出来的。分析句子结构可知，连接代词what在句中引导表语从句，且在从句中作imagine的宾语。]
28.—I found a spelling error in my paper that I submitted yesterday.
—Good.That is just ________ you made a mistake.
A.what B.that
C.where D.when
答案 C [——我在我昨天提交的论文中发现了一个拼写错误。——不错。那正是你犯错误的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。]
29.I’ve come to learn that the best time to debate with family members is ________ they have food in their mouths.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)
A.how B.that
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C.whether D.when
答案 D [句意：我慢慢了解到，与家人辩论的最佳时间就是他们嘴里有食物的时候。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导表语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，表示“当……时”，应用when。故选D项。]
30.Many anti-piracy experts are able to determine ________ an item has been pirated or not，based on the maker’s style and qualifications.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
A.that B.whether
C.what D.why
答案 B [句意：很多反盗版专家可以根据制造商的风格和资历来判断一样东西是不是盗版的。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知，空处应用whether在句中引导宾语从句。]
31.Learning must bring joy，for we never forget ________ we learn with pleasure.(2018·苏州市高三调研)
A.when B.what
C.how D.where
答案 B [句意：学习一定要带来快乐，因为我们决不会忘记我们抱着愉悦的心态所学到的东西。根据句子的结构来判断，forget后面接的是一个宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，所以要用what引导该宾语从句。]
32.How I envy Jones！She can eat super big hamburgers without fear ________ she will put on much weight.
A.that B.which
C.whether D.where
答案 A [句意：我多么羡慕琼斯！她能吃超级大汉堡而不担心会发胖。fear后跟了一个同位语从句，从句意思完整且不缺任何成分，故用that。which “哪一个”；whether “是否”；where “在哪里”。]
33.The argument doesn’t hold much ground ________ family backgrounds offer graduates an advantage in the career competition nowadays.(2018·南通市高三第一次调研)
A.where B.that
C.which D.when
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答案 B [句意：现在，大学毕业生的家庭背景会在职业竞争中为他们提供优势，这样的论据是没有多大根据的。本句中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明argument的内容。]
34.The problem ________ he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2018·南京市高三三模)
A.how B.whether
C.that D.when
答案 B [句意：他要在国内还是国外接受大学教育这个问题仍然未被提及。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导同位语从句，解释说明The problem的具体内容，且表示“是否，是……(还是)”，故选whether。]
35.—What do you think makes the TV show Letters Alive a big hit?
—________ the kind of humanity behind every letter touches the heartstrings of the audience.(2018·盐城市高三三模)
A.That B.What
C.Whether D.Because
答案 A [——你认为什么使得《见字如面》这个电视节目这么受欢迎？——是每封信背后的那种人性触动了观众的心弦。第二句话是个省略句，补充完整应该是：________ the kind of humanity behind every letter touches the heartstrings of the audience makes the TV show Letters Alive a big hit，由此可知第二句话实际上是个不缺成分和句意的主语从句。故选A项。]
36.The prize winner described to the class ________ he had managed to achieve excellence in his studies.
A.if B.how
C.what D.that
答案 B [句意：获奖者向全班同学讲述自己是如何在学习上取得优异成绩的。根据句意可知，B项符合语境，how表示“如何”。]
37.I think ________ Aesop was suggesting is ________ when you offer a good turn to another human being，one can hope that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you，the doer of the good deed.(2018·江苏省高三第二学期六校联考)
A.which；that B.that；that
C.what；that D.that；what
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答案 C [分析句子结构可知，第一空引导主语从句，并在从句中作suggesting的宾语，表示“所……的东西”，故用what；第二空引导表语从句，从句的意思和成分完整，故用that。]
38.Many students are at a loss as to ________ they spend so much time on language learning，but achieve little.
A.that B.why
C.how D.whether
答案 B [句意：很多学生感到困惑的是为什么他们在语言学习上花费了如此多的时间但收效甚微。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句作as to的宾语，且引导词在从句中充当原因状语，故应用why。]
39.________ to a top university，as in China，is also what many American students have been dreaming of.
A.Admitted
B.Being admitted
C.Having been admitted
D.To have been admitted
答案 B [句意：和在中国一样，被名校录取也是很多美国学生一直梦寐以求的事情。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用动名词的被动形式作主语。be admitted to/into “被……录取/接收”。]
40.They warned last week that if temperatures continue rising，2016 will be the hottest year ever ________.
A.recorded B.being recorded
C.to be recorded D.having recorded
答案 A [句意：上周，他们通知说，如果气温持续上升，那么2016年将成为史上被记录的最炎热的一年。根据该句的结构可知，此处应该使用非谓语动词作定语，修饰year，record与year之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。]
41.Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a rule first of its kind，________ them to post calorie counts right on the menu.
A.to require B.requiring
C.required D.having required
答案 B [句意：纽约市的大快餐连锁店已经开始遵循一项首次出现的规则，该规则要求它们直接在菜单上公布(食物的)卡路里含量。require与a
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rule之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故选B项。]
42.US singer Bob Dylan was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature，becoming the first songwriter ________ the honor.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
A.winning B.having won
C.to win D.to be won
答案 C [句意：美国歌手Bob Dylan获得了2016年诺贝尔文学奖，成为第一个获此殊荣的词曲作者。名词前面有序数词修饰时，后面要用动词不定式作定语。因此答案为C。]
43.—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?
—It implies that drug users find themselves ________ in a prison from which they cannot escape.(2018·苏州市高三调研)
A.to be trapped B.having trapped
C.trapped D.trapping
答案 C [——你能告诉我出自歌曲《加州旅馆》中的“你可以随时结束，但你永远无法摆脱(这欲望)”这句话的意思是什么吗？——它暗示吸毒者发现他们自己陷入了无法逃脱的监狱。根据句意及句子结构可知，trap与其逻辑主语themselves(指代drug users)之间是动宾关系，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。]
44.Trump Tower，________ as the headquarters for The Trump Organization，is a 58-story skyscraper ________ in Midtown Manhattan.
A.serving；located B.served；located
C.served；locating D.serving；locating
答案 A [句意：作为特朗普集团的总部，特朗普大厦是一座坐落于曼哈顿城中的58层摩天大楼。分析句子结构可知，两个空处均应填非谓语动词。第一空，serve与其逻辑主语Trump Tower是主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语；第二空，根据短语be located in “坐落于”可知，应填过去分词作定语，修饰skyscraper。所以答案为A。]
45.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices ________ in the world.
A.heard B.having heard
C.hearing D.to be heard
答案 A [句意：女性理应得到尊重，她们应该让世界听到她们的声音。hear与their
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voices之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A项。]
46.Many natural disasters took place across the country，________ severe losses on people’s life and property.(2018·南通市高三第一次调研)
A.to have brought B.only bringing
C.only to bring D.having brought
答案 B [句意：这个国家发生了多起自然灾害，给人们的生活和财产造成了严重的损失。only bringing是现在分词作状语表示结果。]
47.________ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes，the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三二模)
A.Winning B.Won
C.Having won D.To win
答案 C [句意：虽然赢得了破纪录的七项金球奖，令人吃惊的是，音乐剧《爱乐之城》对中国观众并没有产生吸引力。win和句子主语是主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，所以用现在分词的完成形式充当状语。]
48.—What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director?
—________ quite a lot of time with other people.
A.Spending B.Having spent
C.To spend D.To have spent
答案 A [分析题干可知，这是一个省略句，补充完整应该是Nicky’s job involves spending quite a lot of time with other people...，即用动名词作宾语。故选A。]
49.Peter said he would treat me to a film，but lots of my homework ________，I refused his offer.
A.having been done B.being done
C.to do D.done
答案 C [句意：彼得说他想请我看场电影，但是由于我有许多家庭作业要做，我拒绝了他的好意。根据句意及句子结构可知，家庭作业还没有完成，故应用动词不定式to do表示将要做什么事。此处的lots of my homework to do是独立主格结构，在句中充当原因状语。]
50.Only since the Industrial Revolution ________ in places away from their homes or been left to raise small children without the help of multiple adults.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)
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A.most people have worked
B.have most people worked
C.most people had worked
D.had most people worked
答案 B [——只是自从工业革命以来，大多数人才在远离他们家乡的地方工作或被留下来养育小孩子而没有多个成年人的帮助。当“only＋状语”位于句首表示强调时，句子要用部分倒装；since “自从……以来”暗示句中的谓语动词应用现在完成时。故选B项。]
51.Not only ________ five gold medals in a row，but they also have not lost a single game since the 1992 Olympics.
A.has the team won B.the team has won
C.did the team win D.the team won
答案 A [根据第二分句的时态可知，第一分句也应该用现在完成时；同时，not only放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。]
52.I am glad to find that on top of the mountain ________ from the time of the Roman Empire.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期期末联考)
A.lies ancient ruins B.lie ancient ruins
C.does ancient ruins lie D.do ancient ruins lie
答案 B [表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要作全部倒装，由此可排除C、D两项；句子主语是复数名词ancient ruins，谓语动词应用复数，所以选B项。]
53.We believe there is no independent scientific evidence that any Internet dating site is beneficial to matching people together，________？
A.is there B.do we
C.don’t we D.isn’t there
答案 A [本句中believe的主语是We，其后的简短问句的主语及谓语动词取决于从句，由此排除B、C两项；由于从句中有否定词no，所以简短问句要用肯定式。故A项正确。]
54.Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasn’t surprised that ________ as she was too careless.(2018·镇江市高三一模)
A.she was so B.so was she
C.so did she D.she did so
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答案 D [句意：安妮丢了钱包，(她的)妈妈对此毫不惊讶因为她太粗心了。根据语境及句中的“Anne lost her wallet”可知，此处为省略句，do so常用来表示同一主语的同一动作，可以替代动词加宾语。故本句中谓语动词应用did so代替lost her wallet。故选D项。]
55. ________ to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.(2018·南通市高三第一次调研)
A.Being attached B.Attached
C.Attaching D.Having attached
答案 B [句意：礼物上附有一张便条，在便条上他就我们对他在此停留期间的招待表示了感谢。be attached to “被附在……上”是习惯用法。本句的主语较长，为使句子保持平衡，故将动词的-ed形式置于句首。]
56.The woman was a lady of strong mind and not once ________ her hope of surviving the earthquake in the darkness.
A.she has lost B.she lost
C.did she lose D.lost she
答案 C [句意：那位女士有坚强的意志，在黑暗中她一次也没有失去在地震中活下来的希望。根据句中的“not once”位于分句句首可知，此处应用部分倒装；句中的“was”暗示此处亦应用一般过去时，故选C。]
57.Years may wrinkle the skin，but it is to give up enthusiasm ________ wrinkles the soul.(2018·苏锡常镇四市高三调研一)
A.who B.which
C.that D.when
答案 C [句意：岁月留痕，只及皮肤；激情不再，皱起心灵。本句由but连接的两个并列分句组成，第二个分句考查了强调句型“it is＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”，被强调的是to give up enthusiasm。]
58.Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government，the rest ________ from the coming charity concerts.
A.to be collected B.having been collected
C.being collected D.to have been collected
答案 A [句意：重建地震灾区的城镇的大部分资金已由政府划拨，剩下的部分从即将举行的慈善演唱会中筹集。根据句子结构可知，此处为主语＋非谓语动词的独立主格结构。根据句中的coming可知，空格处用不定式表示将来发生的动作。]
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59.One has reason to believe that China’s anticorruption over the past few years，________，has achieved inspiring progress.
A.tough as it is B.as tough as it is
C.so tough it is D.as it is tough
答案 A [句意：人们有理由相信，尽管在过去的几年里，中国的反腐工作很艰难，但是已经取得了鼓舞人心的进展。分析句子结构可知，本句中that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句，宾语从句中含有as “虽然，尽管”引导的让步状语从句，且该从句中的表语tough提前，句子用了倒装形式。]
60.Ancient Indians moved from Asia to what is now the U.S.mainland thousands of years ago and not until the 16th century ________ to settle there.
A.Europeans began B.began Europeans
C.did Europeans begin D.had Europeans begun
答案 C [句意：古印第安人几千年前就从亚洲移居到了现在的美国大陆，直到16世纪欧洲人才开始在那里定居。当not until位于句首时，句子要部分倒装；再结合句中的“the 16th century”可知，应用一般过去时，故选C项。]
语境类
1.I’m sorry for my absence from your birthday party yesterday，but I ________ an essay to be handed in today.
A.wrote B.was writing
C.am writing D.had written
答案 B [句意：很遗憾昨天没有出席你的生日晚会，但我当时正在写一篇今天要上交的文章。根据句意可知，此处表示过去的某个时间点正在做某事，所以用过去进行时态。]
2.—Can we get to the railway station in time?
—Yes，so long as we ________ in any traffic jam.
A.aren’t held up B.won’t hold up
C.don’t hold up D.won’t be held up
答案 A [——我们能及时到达火车站吗？——可以，只要我们不被交通堵塞耽搁。so long as引导的条件状语从句中需用一般现在时表示将来的动作；又句子主语we和hold up之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选A项。]
3.Don’t worry！When you arrive at the airport at 5 am tomorrow，I ________ for you
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there.
A.am waiting B.have been waiting
C.will have waited D.will be waiting
答案 D [句意：别担心！当你明天早晨5点到达机场时，我会在那里等你。根据at 5 am tomorrow可知，空格处应该用将来进行时，表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。]
4.—Haven’t you accomplished the mission yet?
—Yes.We ________ on it for nearly two weeks nonstop.
A.worked B.are working
C.had worked D.have been working
答案 A [——你们还没有完成这项任务吗？——完成了。我们马不停蹄地工作了将近两个星期。根据答语语境可知，空处所表示的动作在说话时已经结束，所以应用一般过去时态。]
5.When someone ________，it more than doubles his or her chances of being helpful again.(2018·镇江市高三一模)
A.thanks B.is thanked
C.was thanked D.thanked
答案 B [句意：当有人接受感谢时，他/她再次助人为乐的可能性增加了一倍以上。根据语境及主句谓语动词一般现在时可知，从句中的谓语动词也应用一般现在时；动词thank与主语someone之间构成被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B项。]
6.What？The computer has broken down again！It ________ all right this morning.(2018·扬州市高三期末检测题)
A.is working B.was working
C.had worked D.has worked
答案 B [句意：什么？电脑又发生故障了！它今天上午一直运行得好好的。句中的this morning为表示过去的时间状语，再由前一句的现在完成时可知，此处只能用一般过去时或过去进行时。所以答案为B。]
7.—Why are you so upset，Mary?
—My boss ________ fault with me.He is not so kind as you think.(2018·南通市高三第一次调研)
A.always finds B.is always finding
C.has always found D.always found
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答案 B [——你为什么这么心烦意乱，玛丽？——我的老板总是对我吹毛求疵，他可不像你想得那么友好。always放在进行时中通常有强烈的情感意义，此处表示厌烦的语气。]
8.When he ________ the bill in the restaurant，he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.
A.paid B.would be paying
C.was to pay D.had paid
答案 C [句意：当他在饭店里要去付账的时候他突然意识到他的钱包落在汽车里了。根据句意及主句中的he suddenly realized可知，时间状语从句应该使用过去将来时，表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作。]
9.As is expected，it will still be some years before all the metro lines in our city ________ into operation.(2018·无锡市高三期末试卷)
A.will be put B.are put
C.will have been put D.have been put
答案 B [句意：正如所预料的，我们城市所有的地铁线路还要过几年才能被启用。在before引导的时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时表将来。]
10.Charles Darwin was a British man，but he ________ in America this week because it was he that put forward the theory of evolution.(2018·南京市四校第一学期联考)
A.is remembering B.is being remembered
C.was remembered D.was being remembered
答案 B [句意：查尔斯·达尔文是英国人，但本周他却在美国被人们纪念，因为正是他提出了进化论。根据语境以及句中的“this week”可知，纪念活动正在进行，且he与remember之间为动宾关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。]
11.A former Chinese soldier，who ________ in India for half a century，flew home to China on February 11，2017.(2018·盐城市高三三模)
A.trapped B.had trapped
C.has been trapped D.had been trapped
答案 D [句意：一位中国老兵被困印度半个世纪，终于在2017年2月11日乘飞机返回中国。被困的动作发生在flew所表示的动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动形式。]
12.—In the UK，some people equate life experience with the number of stamps in their passports.
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—That’s why they all agree that they ________ the “travel bug”.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三二模)
A.catch B.caught
C.have caught D.are to catch
答案 C [——在英国，一些人把人生阅历和他们护照上的印章数目等同起来。——那就是为什么他们都认为自己迷上了旅游。本句用现在完成时表示动作对现在所产生的影响。]
13.—Where is Gary?
—He is at the library studying for his German test on Wednesday.In fact，he ________ for the test every day over the past week.
A.has reviewed B.was reviewing
C.has been reviewing D.had been reviewing
答案 C [——Gary在哪里？——他正为了周三的德语考试在图书馆里学习。实际上，在过去的一周里，他一直每天都在为这次考试复习。根据句意及时间状语“over the past week”可知，Gary复习德语的动作从一周前开始一直持续到现在，且可能仍会进行下去，故此处应用现在完成进行时。]
14.—Do you live in the neighborhood near Nanjing Road?
—No.I ________ there these days to visit my uncle.(2018·江苏省高三第二学期六校联考)
A.have stayed B.would stay
C.had stayed D.am staying
答案 D [——你住在南京路附近的社区吗？——不。我这几天来这里看望我的叔叔。根据句中的时间状语these days可知，此处表示这几天正在发生的事，应用现在进行时态。故选D。]
15.My parents ________ about the details of the vacation plan in these two weeks，and it seems neither can convince the other.(2018·江苏省四星级学校4月联考)
A.are arguing B.have been arguing
C.have argued D.argued
答案 B [句意：这两周，我父母一直在争论关于假期计划的细节问题，似乎谁也不能说服对方。根据句意可知，争论从过去开始一直持续到现在，甚至有可能还要进行下去，所以用现在完成进行时。]
16.—Shall we go for an outing this coming Sunday afternoon?
—That’s a good idea，but I ________ an important lecture then.
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A.have attended B.will be attending
C.will attend D.will have attended
答案 B [——这个星期天下午我们去远足好吗？——那是个好主意，但那时我将正在听一个重要的讲座。答语中的then指代上文中的this coming Sunday afternoon，该时间状语表将来，且空处表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时。]
17.By the time I got to the garden hurriedly，my son ________ branches of many flowers which I grew on my own.
A.had broken B.has broken
C.would break D.broke
答案 A [句意：当我急匆匆地到花园的时候，我的儿子已经折断了我亲手种的许多花的花枝。By the time引导的是时间状语从句，从句用了一般过去时，主句应用过去完成时。故选A项。]
18.My son ________ in England and I transfer some money to his account every four weeks now.(2018·江苏命题专家原创卷)
A.studied B.is studying
C.will study D.has studied
答案 B [句意：我的儿子正在英国学习，现在每四周我都会给他的账户转一些钱。根据句意及句中的“transfer”可知，空处表示的是现在正在进行的动作，故应用现在进行时。]
19.The football players ________ about returning to their bedrooms early but their coach rejected their request for leaving the field.
A.think B.have thought
C.were thinking D.had thought
答案 D [句意：这些足球运动员本想早点回到宿舍，但是他们的教练拒绝了他们离开运动场的请求。根据“but their coach rejected their request for leaving the field”可知，“运动员想早点回到宿舍”是发生在教练不让他们离开运动场之前的动作，表示“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。故选D。]
20.These days，it’s expected that more efforts ________ to ban the illegal sales of elephants’ tusks in the coming months.
A.have been made B.will be made
C.would be made D.are being made
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答案 B [句意：现在，大家都在期盼接下来几个月人们会付出更大的努力来制止象牙的非法交易。根据题干中的“in the coming months”可知，此处用一般将来时。故选B项。]
21.She didn’t go to Jeremy’s party that evening as she ________ on a journey the next dawn.
A.has set out B.would set out
C.had set out D.had been setting out
答案 B [句意：那天晚上她没有去参加Jeremy的聚会，因为第二天黎明时她要出发去旅行。根据题干中的“the next dawn”和主句的时态可知，从句要用过去将来时表示在过去某一时间点看，将要发生的动作。故选B项。]
22.Gina seldom ________，but to my surprise，she told me a big lie yesterday.
A.lied B.lies
C.had lied D.has lied
答案 B [句意：吉娜很少撒谎，但令我惊讶的是，她昨天对我撒了一个大大的谎。根据语境可知，此处表示的是习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态，应用一般现在时，故选B。]
23.—I’m afraid little Jim falls ill a little frequently—he’s too weak.
—Yes，Johnson and I ________ to build him up all the time.
A.have been trying B.had been trying
C.were trying D.have tried
答案 A [——我恐怕小吉姆生病生得有点儿频繁，他太虚弱了。——是的，约翰逊和我一直试图增强他的体质。根据语境及句中的“all the time”可知，此处强调的是从过去开始，持续到现在，并有可能继续下去的动作，所以用现在完成进行时。]
24.If the criminal were honest，he ________ a clean breast of the whole thing long ago.
A.made B.had made
C.would make D.would have made
答案 D [句意：如果这个罪犯诚实的话，他很久以前就会坦白交代所有的事情了。根据句意可知，主句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故谓语应用would have done形式。]
25.She wasn’t feeling very well.Otherwise she ________ the meeting so early.
A.hadn’t have left B.wouldn’t leave
C.didn’t leave D.wouldn’t have left
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答案 D [句意：她当时身体很不舒服。否则她不会那么早离开会议的。第二句用了虚拟语气，且表示与过去事实相反，此时句子谓语用would/could/might/should have done，故选D。]
26.If 53，667 people ________ differently，Hillary Clinton would have keys to the White House.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)
A.voted B.had voted
C.should vote D.should have voted
答案 B [句意：如果53 667人投了不同的票，希拉里·克林顿就拥有了白宫的钥匙。根据语境可知，If引导的状语从句是对与过去事实相反的情况的假设，谓语动词应用过去完成时。故选B项。]
27.France has recently passed a law that says all supermarkets ________ donate all of their unsold produce to charities.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三期末联考)
A.may B.should
C.will D.shall
答案 D [句意：法国最近通过一项法律，该法律规定所有的超市都要把它们没卖掉的农产品捐献给慈善机构。在法律、条约、协定等文件中，shall可以表示义务、规定、命令等。根据题干中的“a law”可知，shall符合语境。]
28.One of the unanswered questions of the September 11 attacks is whether there was anything U.S.intelligence ________ to stop the attacks.(2018·苏州市高三调研)
A.must do B.could do
C.must have done D.could have done
答案 D [句意：9·11恐怖袭击事件中没有被回答的一个问题是，是否有一些美国的情报工作本来能够阻止这次袭击。根据句意，此处表示对过去情况的一种猜测，表示“可能性”，所以要用could have done “本来能够做某事但实际上没有做”。]
29.I did better，but I still wasn’t as focused as I ________.(2018·镇江市高三一模)
A.should do B.should have been
C.should be D.should have done
答案 B [句意：我做得更好了，但我仍然没有像我本该做的那样集中精力。根据句意及句中的时态为一般过去时可知，此处应用“should have done”表示“本应该做某事而实际未做”，根据句中的“wasn’t as focused”可知，此处应用be动词。故选B项。]
30.I think that conflict is unlikely to happen，but if it ________，the interests of both China and the U.S.would be severely damaged.
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A.would occur B.had occurred
C.were to occur D.occurs
答案 C [句意：我认为冲突不太可能发生，但是如果发生了，中美双方的利益都会受到严重的损害。根据句中的is unlikely to happen可知冲突目前并没有发生，所以这种假设是针对将来而言的，此时从句谓语可以用一般过去时态，were＋不定式或者should＋动词原形，主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。所以答案为C。]
31.No wonder some people don’t show sympathy for the victim of the accident.She ________ have observed the traffic rules.
A.must B.should
C.need D.would
答案 B [根据“don’t show sympathy”可知，人们对事故的受害者不表示同情，她可能做了她本不应该做的事情。must have observed意为“一定遵守了”；should have observed意为“本来应当遵守”；would have observed意为“(当时)会遵守”；need have done这种形式用得很少，常用否定式needn’t have done “本来不必做”。所以答案为B。]
32.I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline.With better equipment，I ________ the task on schedule.(2018·南京市高三第一次调研)
A.would accomplish
B.might have accomplished
C.must have accomplished
D.could accomplish
答案 B [句意：很抱歉，我没有在规定时间内完成任务。如果有更好的设备，我可能已经按时完成任务了。根据句意，此处应用might have done “可能已经……”表示对过去情况的一种推测。]
33.—You could hardly imagine what great trouble John had reserving a hotel room during the G20 summit.
—He ________ in my apartment.It was vacant as I was abroad then.(2018·无锡市普通高中期末试卷)
A.must have stayed B.should have stayed
C.could have stayed D.would have stayed
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答案 C [——你几乎不能想象John在G20峰会期间预订一间宾馆客房有多么困难。——他本可以住在我的公寓里的。因为那时候我在国外，房子是空着的。根据句意可知，此处表示“本来可以做某事而没有做”，所以要用could have done。]
34.________ to him the last time you saw him，you would know what to do now.(2018·南京市四校第一学期联考)
A.Did you speak B.Were you to speak
C.Have you spoken D.Had you spoken
答案 D [句意：如果你上次见他的时候和他交谈的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。本句是错综时间条件句，根据句意可知，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，应用had done的形式。此处从句中的if省略了，从句需要同时使用部分倒装，即把had提到主语前。故选D项。]
35.It’s a sad fact of life：lies are lies，and sometimes the truth ________ lie as well.(2018·盐城市高三三模)
A.shall B.should
C.can D.must
答案 C [句意：这是一个可悲的生活事实：谎言就是诺言，而有时真理也可能撒谎。can表示“有时会”，用于描述常有的行为或情形。故选C项。]
36.He was greatly shocked at Donald Trump’s taking office.Never did he expect that the voters ________ be so unreasonable.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三二模)
A.should B.could
C.would D.might
答案 A [句意：他对唐纳德·特朗普的上任感到很是吃惊。他从未预料到选民竟然如此不理智。should表示“竟然”。]
37.—Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.
—Luckily for her.She ________ sick or even died.(2018·苏锡常镇四市高三教情调研二)
A.could have got B.should have got
C.must have got D.will have got
答案 A [——彭妮的小女儿险些喝了咖啡桌上的家具亮光剂。——她真幸运。她本可能会大病一场或者甚至(为此)送命的。could have done “本可能做某事而没做”；should have done “本该做某事而没做”；must have done “一定做了某事”。根据句意，应选A。]
38.—Sherry rang to say she was too busy to come.
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—Well，she ________ say that.She is always making excuses.
A.mustn’t B.would
C.needn’t D.should
答案 B [——雪莉打电话说她太忙了不能来。——好吧，她老是那样说。她总是给自己找借口。根据答语中的“She is always making excuses”可知，此处应用would “老是，总是”，表示对总发生的事情，或一向的行为的不耐烦的情绪。]
39.—Nowadays people seem to become more and more selfish.
—How much better life would be if we ________ to the values of the past!
A.were to return B.had returned
C.return D.will return
答案 A [——现在人们好像变得越来越自私了。——要是我们能够继续过去的价值观的话，我们的生活将会好得多。根据句意可知，此处是对将来情况的假设，从句谓语动词可以用were to do，should＋do或过去式。]
40.—I can’t think why he ________ so angry.I meant no offence.
—It’s typical of him to be sensitive.
A.should have been B.must have been
C.might have been D.can have been
答案 A [——我无法想象他竟然如此生气。我没有任何冒犯的意思。——他就是这样一个人，很敏感。根据语境可知，此处用情态动词should表示“竟然，竟会”。]
41.Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out in the morning，I ________wet now.(2018·江苏省四星级学校4月联考)
A.shouldn’t have been B.hadn’t been
C.wasn’t D.shouldn’t be
答案 D [句意：如果我早上出门时带了伞，现在我就不会被淋湿了。根据句中的时间状语“now”可知，此处是对与现在事实相反的情况的假设，应用would/should/could/might do形式。故选D。]
42.Without your ticket，I ________ able to see the exhibition of old photographs tomorrow.
A.am not B.wouldn’t be
C.hadn’t been D.wouldn’t have been
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答案 B [句意：要是没有你的票的话，我明天就不能去看老照片展了。根据句意及句中的“tomorrow”可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的情况，句子谓语应用would do。故选B。]
43.I ________ to the movies if I had known you were going to.
A.went B.had gone
C.would go D.would have gone
答案 D [句意：如果我早知道你要去看电影，我也会去的。根据句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，主句应用would have done结构。故选D。]
44.—Let’s go to Chongqing together tomorrow.
—I’d like to，but the highway to Chongqing ________ temporarily closed if the heavy fog didn’t fade away.
A.would be B.will be
C.is D.would have been
答案 A [——我们明天一起去重庆吧。——我很乐意去。但是如果大雾不慢慢消散的话，去重庆的高速公路会临时封路的。根据句中的“tomorrow”“if...didn’t fade away”可知，空处所在句表示对将来事实的假设，故应用would be。]
45.If I ________ hard in the past，I would pass the exam easily tomorrow.
A.studied B.were to study
C.should study D.had studied
答案 D [句意：如果我过去努力学习，我明天就会轻松通过考试。根据题干中的“in the past”可知，此处表示对过去的情况的虚拟，故用过去完成时。故答案选D项。]
46.—Let’s cross the street here.
—________ We’ll never make it in one piece！Let’s cross at traffic lights.
A.Go ahead. B.Don’t mention it.
C.It’s up to you. D.You must be kidding.
答案 D [——我们从这里横穿马路吧。——你是在开玩笑吧。我们绝对不可能毫发无损地从这里穿过去的！我们在红绿灯那里穿过去吧。根据语境可知，答话人认为从那里横穿马路很危险，故应选You must be kidding “你是在开玩笑吧”。Go ahead “开始吧”；Don’t mention it “不客气”；It’s up to you “由你决定”。]
47.—Won’t Terry be upset?
—________？He never thinks about anyone but himself.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)
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A.Guess what B.Now what
C.Who cares D.Who knows
答案 C [——难道Terry不难过吗？——有谁在乎呢？他从来就只为自己着想而不为别人着想。guess what意为“你猜怎么着”；now what意为“下一步会怎样，下一步怎么办”；who cares意为“有谁在乎呢”；who knows意为“谁知道呢”。根据句意和答语中的“He never thinks about anyone but himself”可知应选C项。]
48.—It’s no use complaining about everything all day long，I think.
—________.Life is not always fair to us.
A.I beg to differ B.Good for you
C.Don’t mention it D.You’ve got a point
答案 D [——我认为整天抱怨一切是没有用的。——你说得对。生活对我们并不总是公平的。I beg to differ “恕我不敢苟同”；Good for you “你真行”；Don’t mention it “不客气，不用谢”；You’ve got a point “你说得对”。]
49.—Do you mind if I pick your brains for a second?
—Of course not.________
A.What do you think? B.What’s on your mind?
C.What do you mean? D.What’s wrong with you?
答案 B [——你介意我向你咨询一会儿事儿吗？——当然不介意。你想问什么？根据句意可知，第二个人欣然同意第一个人的要求，故接下来要问的就是“你想问什么”，故选B。]
50.—When a police officer or firefighter puts on their uniform，it gives them a sense of responsibility and authority.
—________.Just as the saying goes，clothes make the man.(2018·苏州市高三调研)
A.I’m all yours B.I’m in
C.I’m all ears D.I’m with you
答案 D [答语中的“Just as the saying goes，clothes make the man”表明第二个人同意第一个人所说的话，所以用I’m with you “我同意你说的话”。I’m all yours “我全听你的”；I’m all ears “我洗耳恭听”。]
51.—I will go on a diet tomorrow.
—________.You’ve said that over a million times.(2018·镇江市高三一模)
A.Take your time B.I don’t enjoy myself
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C.Beg your pardon D.I don’t buy it
答案 D [——明天我要节食。——我才不信呢。你那样说已有一百多万次了。Take your time意为“慢慢来”；I don’t enjoy myself意为“我玩得不愉快”；Beg your pardon意为“对不起”；I don’t buy it意为“我不相信”。根据句意可知应选D项。]
52.—How I am eager to see your new car! May I have a look now，Peter?
—________.It’s great to share.(2018·扬州市高三期末检测)
A.That’s all right B.Couldn’t agree more
C.You must be kidding D.By all means
答案 D [——我多么渴望看到你的新车啊！彼得，我现在可以看一看吗？——当然可以，分享是一件很快乐的事情。By all means “当然可以，没问题”，符合语境。That’s all right “没关系”；Couldn’t agree more “非常同意”；You must be kidding “你一定是在开玩笑”。]
53.—Do you know if the new CEO is willing to meet the director this afternoon?
—________，does it?
A.It takes no time B.It counts for nothing
C.It doesn’t hurt to ask D.It doesn’t make sense
答案 C [It takes no time “这不花时间”；It counts for nothing “这毫无用处”；It doesn’t hurt to ask “问一下也无妨”；It doesn’t make sense “没有意义，讲不通”。根据语境可知答案为C。]
54.—So kind of you to give me a lift.
—________.Any gentleman would do the same.(2018·南京市四校第一学期联考)
A.It depends B.That’s it
C.Sounds great D.Don’t mention it
答案 D [——你实在是太好了，让我搭顺风车。——不客气。任何一位绅士都会这样做的。根据答话人表示的“任何一位绅士都会这样做的”可知，Don’t mention it “别客气，不用谢”符合语境。]
55.—I will be a vice president in a year or two.
—You can’t be serious！________.
A.I can’t make it B.I can’t help it
C.I won’t tell a soul D.I wouldn’t bet on it
答案 D [——我将在一两年内当上副总统。——你一定是在开玩笑吧！我认为不大可能。I
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can’t make it “我做不到”；I can’t help it “我没有办法”；I won’t tell a soul “我不会告诉任何人”；I wouldn’t bet on it “我认为不大可能”。]
56.—Have you watched the program Readers? It’s sparking fresh enthusiasm for literature in China.
—________.My whole family are fond of it.(2018·盐城市高三三模)
A.You asked for it B.You bet
C.You have my word D.You’ve got me there
答案 B [——你看过节目《朗读者》吗？它重新点燃了人们对中国文学的热情。——当然，我们全家都喜欢看。You asked for it “你自讨苦吃”；You bet “当然”；You have my word “我保证”；You’ve got me there “你难住我了”。]
57.—Why didn’t you come back last night? I waited long!
—________.You were playing games the whole night.
A.Don’t give me that
B.Don’t lose your head
C.Don’t trust to chance
D.Don’t dream away your time
答案 A [——你昨晚为什么没有回来？我等了很久！——少来这一套。你整夜都在玩游戏。Don’t give me that “少来这一套”；Don’t lose your head “别惊慌失措”；Don’t trust to chance “不要碰运气”；Don’t dream away your time “不要虚度光阴”。]
58.—The rising frequency of smoggy days is making me deeply worried that one day we will have to rely on masks to survive.
—________！The government really should do something.
A.Good idea B.I got it
C.You bet D.That’s all right
答案 C [——越来越频繁的烟雾天气让我很担心有一天我们将不得不依靠面罩来活下去。——的确！政府真该做点事了。You bet意为“当然，的确”，符合语境。Good idea意为“好主意”；I got it意为“我明白了”；That’s all right意为“不要紧，没关系，没什么”。]
59.—Amazingly，I’ve managed to start my own shop online!
—________ I told you it was easy.
A.There you are! B.Believe it or not.
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C.How come? D.You got me there!
答案 A [——真让人惊讶！我成功地开了我自己的网店！——瞧，就是这样！我跟你说过这是很容易的事。There you are “这就行了，就是这样”。]
60.—Have you got any paper on you?
—________，but I have none at all.(2018·江苏省高三第二学期六校联考)
A.I mean it B.I wouldn’t say no
C.I beg to differ D.I hate to say this
答案 D [——你身上有纸？——我不愿这么说，但我一张纸也没有。I hate to say this “我不愿这么说”，是委婉的否定表达法，符合句意。I mean it “我说真的，我是认真的”；I wouldn’t say no “我不会拒绝的”；I beg to differ “恕我不同意”。]
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