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课时作业12
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017· 英才大联考湖南师大附中月考)
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursed further.Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.This person is not ill.He may not even be at risk for any particular disease.But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body's special needs.Both types have simply been called “well”．In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively attempting to maintain and improve their health.People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body's condition.Most importantly, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health.Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well”， in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.“Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can struggle for.People
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who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes.And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial influence on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
1．Today's medical care is placing more stress on ________.
A．keeping people in a healthy physical condition
B．monitoring patients' body functions
C．removing people's bad living habits
D．ensuring people's psychological wellbeing
2．According to the passage, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people ________.
A．to best satisfy their body's special needs
B．to strive to maintain the best possible health
C．to meet the strictest standards of bodily health
D．to keep a proper balance between work and leisure
3．According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?
A．People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.
B．People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.
C．People who try to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations.
D．People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.
答案与解析
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本文是一篇议论文，讨论了什么样的人才是真正意义上的健康的人。
1．C 细节理解题。由第一段第一句得知。
2．B 词义猜测题。由第二段 “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can struggle for.可推出。
3．C 推理判断题。由第二段Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well”， in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.(根据这些新定义，即使那些有生理残疾的人，也可以被认为是“健康”的人)又在下文总结了这一点，根据这种新的定义，健康的人就应该是那些无论身体有何局限，只要努力追求成为最有可能的健康状态的人。与C选项相符。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2017·开封一中、武邑中学、鹤壁高中、新乡一中、安阳一中联考)
We eat in our cars，at our desks，on the go，and in front of the TV.We eat takeout，packaged and prepared meals.Why? Because it fits our notenoughtimeintheday lifestyles.__1__ Well，I'm certainly not the first one to think it—or say it—but we all need to slow down.
Consumer trends around the globe show that over the past three decades people are purchasing more prepared foods at the grocery and eating out more than ever before.It's predicted that we'll spend more at restaurants in the coming years. __2__ However，we're getting less healthy.
While debates can be seen in different media over the food industry's contribution to our growing waistlines and our health problems，the
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bottom line is this：__3__ We can choose to eat a fastfood lunch on the go. We can throw a frozen meal in the microwave and call it dinner.We can eat without thinking，in front of the tube，at our computers，and while driving a car.
__4__ Studies have shown meaningful links between family meals and kids'mental and physical wellbeing.Eating sensibly doesn't take much time or money，but it does require you to make a conscious decision to do so.Wrapped in endless work，appointments and social activities，we often fail to enjoy a relaxing meal with our families.
While it can be a challenge to always put healthy eating first，just do your best.Remember that the food you eat has a more significant impact on your health，weight and wellbeing than almost any other activity you do.__5__ Every meal made at home—even just once or twice a week—is a step closer to a healthier body and a slower food lifestyle.
A．Lunch is the biggest calorie intake when it comes to eating out.
B．Treat it with the importance that it deserves，but start small.
C．Our food matches our lives.
D．Purchase food locally and skip as many packaged items as you can.
E．What we eat，where we eat and how we eat are all under our control.
F．We're consuming an increasing number of calories.
G．We can devote an hour of the day to enjoying a meal with our families.
答案与解析
加入“慢食运动”，寻回遗失的美好。
1．C 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前面的“We eat in our
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cars, at our desks, on the go, and in front of the TV. We eat takeout, packaged and prepared meals. Why? Because it fits our notenoughtimeintheday lifestyles.”可知，随着人们生活节奏的加快，人们的饮食习惯也发生改变。所以，人们也只能以“快餐”的形式来适应这种生活方式。故选C。
2．F 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前面的“Consumer trends around the globe show that over the past three decades people are purchasing more prepared foods at the grocery and eating out more than ever before. It's predicted that we'll spend more at restaurants in the coming years.”可知，人们越来越多地在外面吃饭，而这些食物并非都健康。所以，这种饮食习惯消耗的也越来越多。故选F。
3．E 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。现代的饮食行业给人们的健康带来了很大的负面影响。根据前面的“the bottom line is this”可知，不管怎么样“我们”要控制好，为健康考虑。故选E。
4．G 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据后面的“Studies have shown meaningful links between family meals and kids' mental and physical wellbeing.”可知，与家人一块儿吃饭有很大的好处。所以，G项内容符合上下文。故选G。
5．B 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前后内容可知，饮食对“我们”的健康很重要。作者建议人们尽量在家吃饭。在目前生活节奏加快的情况下，可以慢慢地改变。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __1__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo.
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They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might __2__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __3__ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, __4__ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, __5__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which __6__ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __7__ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the __8__ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __9__ (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __10__ their hands.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了筷子的材质、起源及发展等方面的内容。
1．and 考查连词。此处表示这几个国家并列，前面的词用逗号隔开，最后一个词前面应用连词and连接。故填and。
2．be made 考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，make在此处为谓语动词；主语“chopsticks”和动词make之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；情态动词might后应接动词原形。故填be made。
3．to create 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示为了做出一些特别的设计，应用不定式形式表目的。故填to create。
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4．using 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处与谓语动词“cooked”之间无连词，应用非谓语动词；且动词use与其逻辑主语“People”之间是主动关系，故此处应用use的现在分词形式作状语。故填using。
5．as/when 考查状语从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……”，故用as；此处也可表示“当……时”，用when。故填as/when。
6．gradually 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰动词短语“turned into”并在句中作状语，故应用gradual的副词形式。故填 gradually。
7．who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，指代先行词“Confucius”；从句中缺少主语，指孔子，故用who引导该从句。故填who。
8．development 考查词性转换。在定冠词the后面，应用develop的名词形式，表示筷子的发展。故填development。
9．were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句前半句的动词“would”可知，此处应与其对应，叙述的也是过去的事情，故用一般过去时，且其主语为“knives”，是复数。故填were。
10．with 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处指用手吃饭，应用介词with，表示“借助，使用”。故填with。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·湖南省桃江县第一中学)
Three years ago I fail an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school. Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patiently. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided make the best of it. I worked hard and got along well with my teachers and
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classmate. Whenever I had difficulties, you were always available. Soon I became one of the most best students in my class.
My experience tells me that it's not what you are given and how you make use of it which determines who you are.
答案
Three years ago I an important exam in my life and became a student in ordinary school. as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers . Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided make the best of it. I worked hard and got along well with my teachers and . Whenever I had difficulties, were always available. Soon I became one of the best students in my class.
My experience tells me that it's not what you are given how you make use of it determines who you are.
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2017·永安六校联考)
高中学生李华学习英语时遇上了困难，写信向Miss Wang寻求学好英语的学习方法。假如你是Miss Wang，请给李华写一封回信，要求包含以下内容：
1. 要有自信心 (confidence)；
2. 多记一些惯用词组(set phrases)和句型结构(sentence structures)，把它们组织在一起造句；
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3. 大量阅读可以提高写作水平；
4. 多背诵一些好的短文；
5. 写日记是提高写作的好方法；
6. 要经常练习。
要求：
1．至少写出五项内容；
2．开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．不要逐字逐条翻译，可以适当增加细节，词数100左右。
Dear Li Hua，
I have received your letter and I'm glad to give you some suggestions.__________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Miss Wang
答案
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Dear_Li_Hua，
I_have_received_your_letter_and_I'm_glad_to_give_you_some_suggestions. First of all, don't be disappointed. Many students find it difficult to write well. In my opinion, if you want to improve your writing, you can do several things.
To begin with, do some study with set phrases and sentence structures. Keep a list of them and make some sentences with them. And, in order to write well, you must learn to read much, which will contribute to building your vocabulary and help to better your writing skills. Besides, you'd better recite some good passages, where you can enjoy many beautiful sentences and learn some useful expressions. What's more, keeping a diary is an effective way. You can have a try without delay and it's necessary to practise writing as often as possible.
I hope you can follow these suggestions and make progress.
Yours，
Miss_Wang
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