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课时作业41
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·佛山一中月考)
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions—and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions，” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in crosscultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The
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cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions，” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
1．The discovery shows that Westerners ________.
A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B．consider facial expressions universally reliable
C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
2．What were the people asked to do in the study?
A．To make a face at each other.
B．To get their faces impressive.
C．To classify some face pictures.
D．To observe the researchers' faces.
3．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul.
B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions.
C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills.
D．How to Increase Crosscultural Understanding.
4．In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________.
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A．do translation more successfully
B．study the mouth more frequently
C．examine the eyes more attentively
D．read facial expressions more correctly
答案与解析
由于东西方文化的差异，人们在观察面部表情时也是有差别的。
1．A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.”可知，西方人是均匀地观察一张脸，而东方人主要是注意眼睛，故选A。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“...while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories...”可知，他们观察面部表情的图片并分类，故选C。
3．B 主旨大意题。本文讲述了东西方人在观察面部表情时的区别，这是东西方文化不同的结果，故选B。
4．C 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段开头第一句可知答案应为C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·贵州省凯里市第一中学月考)
Gary and Charlie lived in the same town. They __1__ in the same class. Gray was tall and strong and ran faster. He was one of the __2__ in their school. But his friend Charlie was thin and spent __3__ time on sports. Gray was __4__ in his lessons because he wasn't so __5__ as Charlie. And Charlie often helped him with his lessons.
The war __6__ as soon as the two young men finished middle school. They both __7__ the army and soon they were sent to the front
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(前线). Now Gray often __8__ Charlie. And the young man thanked his friend very much.
The officer wanted to get the Germans' __9__. He sent soldiers to go to the enemy's rear area (敌后). But they were captured (俘虏). He had to __10__ the second group, then the third. But they were all missing.__11__ of the soldiers would do it. At last the officer __12__ any soldier __13__ could capture a German would be rewarded(奖赏) 200 dollars. Gray always __14__ to get rich and asked to do it with Charlie. They walked__15__ the forest, crossed the rivers and reached the village where the Germans stayed. They found there were the enemy soldiers everywhere. They had to stay in a broken house until __16__ fell. But they were so tired that __17__ they were both __18__.At midnight Gray heard some noise.He __19__ at once and found there scores of Germans around the house.He woke Charlie up at once and said __20__，“We'll soon get rich！”
1．A.worked B．studied
C．lived D．played
2．A.fighters B．policemen
C．athletes D．actors
3．A.little B．a little
C．few D．a few
4．A.well B．good
C．weak D．bad
5．A.able B．polite
C．friendly D．clever
6．A.broke out B．hurried off
C．found out D．put out
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7．A.went to B．escaped from
C．joined D．took part in
8．A.saved B．helped
C．beat D．punished
9．A.news B．newspapers
C．books D．information
10．A.take B．bring
C．send D．ask
11．A.All B．None
C．Both D．Neither
12．A.promised B．guessed
C．thought D．ordered
13．A.what B．who
C．/ D．which
14．A.prepared B．planned
C．advised D．hoped
15．A.through B．across
C．crossing D．past
16．A.the sun B．the moon
C．night D．dawn
17．A.before a time B．long ago
C．long before D．before long
18．A.asleep B．alive
C．alone D．afraid
19．A.lay down B．sat down
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C．stood up D．turned off
20．A.angrily B．excitedly
C．carefully D．carelessly
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文。记叙了从小一起读书后来一起参军战斗的Gray和Charlie，他们两人各有特色，Gray高大威猛而且贪财，Charlie瘦小但聪明。
1．B 考查动词。句意：他们在同一个班级学习，故选B。
2．C 考查名词。根据前文“Gray was tall and strong and ran faster.”Gray高大威猛而且跑的快，可知此处他是校田径运动员之一，故选C。
3．A 考查形容词。句意：但是他的朋友Charlie瘦小且花费很少的时间在体育上，故选A。
4．C 考查形容词。根据后文“Charlie often helped him with his lessons.”Charlie 经常帮助他学习，说明Gray在学习方面是差的，故选C。
5．D 考查形容词。句意：Gray学习差因为他没有Charlie聪明，故选D。
6．A 考查动词短语。根据后文“They both joined the army and soon they were sent to the front (前线). ”他们参军被派往前线，说明战争爆发，故选A。
7．C 考查动词。前文说战争爆发，所以此处是他们两个都参军了，故选C。
8．B 考查动词。句意：现在Gray经常帮助Charlie，故选B。
9．D 考查名词。根据后文“He sent soldiers to go to the enemy's
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rear area (敌后)．”长官派士兵到敌后方，故此处为想得到德国人的一些情报，故选D。
10．C 考查动词。句意：他不得不派遣第二组，前文中的 sent为原词复现，故选C。
11．B 考查代词。根据前文“But they were all missing.”他们所有的人都消失了，所以此处为他们没有一个人完成任务，故选B。
12．A 考查动词。句意：最后长官承诺任何征服一名德国士兵的人将会得到200美元的奖赏，故选A。
13．B 考查连词。此处为who引导的定语从句，故选B。
14．D 考查动词。句意：Gray 希望变得富有并要求和Charlie一起做，故选D。
15．A 考查介词。根据后文“crossed the rivers and reached the village where the Germans stayed. ”可知此处为他们步行通过森林，故选A。
16．C 考查名词。前文“They found there were the enemy soldiers everywhere.”他们发现到处是敌人，所以此处他们只能等到夜晚行动，故选 C。
17．D 考查连词。句意：他们是如此的累以至于他们不久后就入睡了，故选D。
18．A 考查形容词。前文说他们很累，所以此处应该为入睡，故选A。
19．C 考查动词短语。句意：午夜时刻，Gray听到一些噪音，他立刻站起来，故选C。
20．B 考查副词。句意：他立刻叫醒Charlie，兴奋地说：“我们就要变富了”，故选 B。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·湖南省岳阳县第一中学质检)
APEC, __1__ (establish) in 1989, is short __2__ AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation. In January 1989, Australian Prime Minister raised the proposal during his visit to Seoul, Republic of Korea. After consultations (咨询会) with relevant countries, the first ministerial (部长级的) meeting __3__ (hold) in Canberra, Australia from 6 to 7 November 1989.
APEC, __4__ goal is to advance AsiaPacific economic development, is working hard to meet the demands of growing interdependence among AsiaPacific countries. More __5__ (importance), the purpose of APEC meeting is to promote free trade and cooperation and to __6__ (strength) an open multilateral (多边的) trading system. The activities of APEC cover the promotion of __7__ (region) trade, investment, finance, human resources development and technology transfer. APEC has 21 member countries so far.
Cooperation among APEC's members is governed by the principle of equal respect for the views of all participants, and it is because of this principle __8__ “mutual (相互的) respect and mutual benefit” becomes its consensus.
This year marks __9__ 25th anniversary of APEC, and __10__ the host of APEC this year, China is confident about the upcoming APEC leadership summit.
答案与解析
本文介绍了亚太经合组织。
1．established 考查非谓语动词。此处用插入语表示建立年份，用过去分词表示被动，故填established。
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2．for 考查介词。be short for 是……的简称；是……的缩写；是AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation的缩写，故填for。
3．was held 考查被动语态。会议在堪培拉举行，会议是被举行的，故填was held。
4．whose 考查定语从句。 此处的先行词是APEC，用whose引导，指的是亚太经合组织的目标，故填whose。
5．importantly/important 考查固定用法。句意上都是表达“更加重要地是”。不同点在于，importantly 是副词，more importantly是“重要性”副词的比较级；而important是形容词，more important是“重要性”形容词的比较级，副词及副词的比较级可以放句首表强调，故填importantly/important皆可。
6．strengthen 考查句意理解。根据前边to promote可知，此处与前文的to promote并列，应该用一样的动词形式，故填strengthen。
7．regional 考查形容词。此处修饰后面的名词，应该用形容词形式，故填regional。
8．that 考查强调句式。强调句式结构为It is/was...that...，故填that。
9．the 考查冠词。此处表示的是第25周年，表示特指，故填the。
10．as 考查连词。用as表示作为，作为今年会议的东道主。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·湖南省衡阳市第八中学月考)
Have you ever had a headache during a test? Have you ever been too worried about something that you have a headache or even can't sleep at night? If so, then you know that stress is.
Not all stress is bad for you. Some kinds of stress can help you get things do better, like when you are running towards the finishing line or
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when you are being asked to give a speech to your class. Stress sometimes can help push you to make full preparation for a test. However, too much stress can result in anger, depression and other related problems, which we need to take serious.
There are many things in our life what might cause stress—having too much homework, taking a difficult test, and having economic problems.
It's impossible to live a life completely free of stress, so you should learn to deal with stress. The best way reduce stress is to have a balance life. If you get enough sleep, eat properly, take more exercise and have enough fun time, you'll probably feel less stressed.
答案
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