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课时作业18
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·成都外国语学校高三模拟)
Something that has always interested me about Abraham Lincoln is, not surprisingly, his sense of humor. As far as I can tell, he's the first American President to have one.
That's because the term “sense of humor” really wasn't in common usage until the eighteensixties and seventies. In the eighteenforties and fifties, it was called “the sense of the ridiculous”， and didn't have the positive connotations(隐含意义)that “sense of humor” has today. Back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule(讥笑). Funniness and cruelty went hand in hand. Of course, they still do a lot of arminarm walking in our day as well.
Lincoln's humor was very different, because, for one thing, it was actually “humor”as what the word meant in his time. We don't make the distinction between “wit(风趣)” and “humor” anymore; but in the nineteenth century people did. Wit was unpleasant and offensive while humor was pleasant and sympathetic. It's the difference we note now when we distinguish between “laughing with” and “laughing at”. Lincoln was much more about “laughing with” than “laughing at”. And when “laughing at”， it was often himself he was teasing.
In the famous LincolnDouglas debates, when Douglas accused Lincoln of being twofaced, Lincoln replied, referencing his plain looking, “Honestly, if I were twofaced, would I be showing you this_one？” And, in a way, Lincoln's face itself tells us much about his sense of humor.
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You can comb through thousands of photographs of politicians, soldiers, and the like from Lincoln's time and not find a single smile.
True, the long exposures(曝光)required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult. Yet Lincoln alone, as far as I can tell, overcame that difficulty.
Interestingly, while having a sense of humor, or at least the appearance of one provided by comedy writers has become a necessary characteristic for an American President in our time, in the nineteenth century, too much humor was considered problem. And that was the case for Lincoln. A journalist covering the LincolnDouglas debates commented that “I could not take a real personal liking to the man, owing to an inborn weakness... that he was extremely fond of jokes, anecdotes and stories.”
1．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that ________.
A．the American President could influence the use of English
B．the term “sense of humor” wasn't invented until the 1860s
C．what is funny to someone might be offensive to someone else
D．the concept of humor remains the same despite the passing of time
2．The underlined words “this one” in Paragraph 4 refer to “________”．
A．Lincoln's unattractive face
B．Lincoln's sense of humor
C．the debate they were having
D．cruelty that went with funniness
3．We rarely see people from Lincoln's time wear smile in their photos because ________.
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A．being humorous was considered inappropriate
B．they found it quite funny to smile before camera
C．not smiling for photographs was the fashion
D．photography technology then was not advanced
4．What might the writer think of the journalist covering the LincolnDouglas debates?
A．His comment accurately reflected his time.
B．He created a false picture of Lincoln.
C．He was prejudiced and selfcentered.
D．He was brave to point out Lincoln's weakness.
答案与解析
本文主要介绍了林肯的幽默。
1．C 段落大意题。根据第二段可推知，幽默对一些人来说是幽默，而对另外一些人来说可能就是冒犯。
2．A 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线部分所在句和后面的“And，in a way，Lincoln's face itself tells us much about his sense of humor.” 可知，画线词指的是林肯那张不吸引人的脸。故选A项。
3．D 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“True, the long exposures (曝光) required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult.” 可知，是因为拍照技术不先进。故选D项。
4．A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段首句中的“in the nineteenth century, too much humor was considered a problem”可知，下面的例子是为了证明作者的这个观点，即那个记者的评论具有时代性。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2017·安徽省马鞍山市第二中学模拟)
TOP 4 WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR BRAIN FITNESS
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Brain fitness has basic principles: variety and curiosity. When anything you do becomes second nature, you need to make a change. If you can do the crossword puzzle in your sleep, it's time for you to move on to a new challenge in order to get the best workout for your brain. Curiosity about the world around you, how it works and how you can understand it will keep your brain working fast and efficiently. __1__
Play games
Brain fitness programs and games are a wonderful way to tease and challenge your brain. Suduko, crosswords and electronic games can all improve your brain's speed and memory. These games rely on logic, word skills, math and more. __2__ You'll get benefit more by doing these games a little bit every day—spend 15 minutes or so, not hours.
Think deeply
Thinking deeply is perhaps the single greatest thing you can do for your mind or body health. __3__ By creating a different mental state, you engage your brain in new and interesting ways while increasing your brain fitness.
Eat for your brain
Your brain needs you to eat healthy fats. Focus on fish oils from wild salmon, nuts such as walnuts, seeds such as flax seed and olive oil. __4__ Remove trans fats(反式脂肪)completely from your diet.
__5__
Stories are a way that we solidify memories, interpret events and share moments. Practice telling your stories, both new and old, so that they are interesting, attractive and fun. Some basic storytelling techniques will go a long way in keeping people's interest both in you and in what you have to say.
A．These games are also fun.
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B．Learn something from a story.
C．Eat more of these foods and less fats.
D．Eat as much as you can.
E．Tell good stories.
F．Use the ideas below to help obtain your seek for mental fitness.
G．It not only relaxes you, but gives your brain a workout.
答案与解析
文章介绍四种锻炼方法让你的大脑更健康。
1．F 根据上文的句子“it's time for you to move on to a new challenge in order to get the best workout for your brain.”可知下文介绍一些帮助训练脑部的方法。故选F。
2．A 根据上文的句子“These games rely on logic, word skills, math and more.”介绍这些游戏的好处，可知，下面进一步说明这些游戏也是有趣的。故选A。
3．G 根据上文的句子“Thinking deeply is perhaps the single greatest thing you can do for your mind or body health.”可知这是介绍深层思考的好处，接下来是：这不仅让你放松，也让你的大脑锻炼。故选G。
4．C 根据上文的句子“Focus on fish oils from wild salmon, nuts such as walnuts, seeds such as flax seed and olive oil.”介绍一些健康食品，可知这里是，多吃这些食物，少一些脂肪。故选C。
5．E 根据下文的句子“Stories are a way that we solidify memories, interpret events and share moments.”可知这段主要介绍讲故事，说明小标题是：讲好的故事。故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
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(2016·四川高考)
The giant panda __1__ (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists __2__ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very __3__ (care) mother.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something __4__ (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural __5__ (enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. __6__ it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda __7__ more than two years. By that time，the panda no longer needed __8__ (it) mother for food.However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then，after two and a half years，the mother __9__ (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, __10__ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一只熊猫妈妈对熊猫宝宝的体贴和关爱。
1．is loved 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时；主语“The giant panda”和动词love之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；且主语“The giant panda”是单数形式。故填is loved。
2．recently 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作时间状语，故用recent的副词形式。故填recently。
3．caring/careful 考查词性转换。根据空格后的名词“mother”
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可知，此处应用形容词作定语；既可意为“关心的，有同情心的”，用caring；也可意为“细心的”，用careful。故填caring/careful。
4．to eat 考查非谓语动词。空格处修饰不定代词something，所以用不定式作后置定语，意为“吃的东西”。故填to eat。
5．enemies 考查名词复数。此处指熊猫的天敌，因为它的天敌不止一种，所以用enemy的复数形式。故填enemies。
6．When/If 考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指当熊猫宝宝哭叫时，熊猫妈妈就会安抚它，用连词when；也可看作条件状语从句，意为“如果小熊猫哭叫”，此时用连词if。故填When/If。注意首字母大写。
7．for 考查介词。“介词for＋时间段”表示持续一段时间。故填for。
8．its 考查代词。修饰名词“mother”应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
9．drove 考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，文中叙述熊猫妈妈对熊猫宝宝的关爱时都是用一般过去时，故此处也用一般过去时。故填drove。
10．and 考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指是熊猫妈妈该生育新的熊猫宝宝的时候了，同时也是熊猫宝宝该独立的时候了。此处是并列分句，故用连词and表示顺承和并列关系。故填and。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·海南省琼海市嘉积中学月考)
As we know，Charlie Chaplin brightened the lives of Americans and British during the period of silent films.Up to now nobody had been able to do this well than Charlie Chaplin. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content in their lives.His charming character，the little tramp，was wellknown all over
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the world.It was a poor and homeless person wearing large trousers，wornout shoes and a small round black hat，and carried a walking stick.This character was social failure and he was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.In the famous film The Gold Rush，Chaplin managed to make the situation entertained. Charlie Chaplin wrote，directed and produced the films he starred in them.He is loved and remembered as a great actor which could inspire people with great confident.
答案
As we know，Charlie Chaplin brightened the lives of Americans and British during the period of silent films.Up to now nobody been able to do this than Charlie Chaplin. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content their lives.His charming character，the little tramp，was wellknown all over the world.It was a poor and homeless person wearing large trousers，wornout shoes and a small round black hat，and a walking stick.This character was social failure he was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.In the famous film The Gold Rush，Chaplin managed to make the situation . Charlie Chaplin wrote，directed and produced the films he starred in .He is loved and remembered as a great actor could inspire people with great .
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Ⅴ.书面表达
(2017·湖南省衡阳市第八中学月考)
假定你是李华，上周日是你的外国朋友Anne 的生日。你本来答应参加她的生日聚会，但是你当时正忙于准备月考，不小心忘了赴约。请写信向Anne表达你的歉意，说明原因，并提出补救办法。
注意：
1．词数100词左右；
2．文章中不得出现真实学校与班级；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
Dear Anne,
I am very sorry that I didn't attend your birthday party last Sunday. I feel awful about it and want to apologize to you.
It was nice of you to invite me to your party. I should have come and celebrated the precious moment with you, but the monthly test is around the corner, so I was so busy preparing for the test that I forgot the appointment. I hope you understand my situation and forgive me. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting after the test? I do long for a pleasant chat with you.
It is much to my regret that I missed the chance of a happy
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gettogether. Once again, please accept my sincere apology.
Yours，
Li Hua
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