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课时作业14
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·郸城一高月考)
When the Apollo astronauts (宇航员) landed on the Moon in 1969, millions of people were rather sad. The person to blame for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell. For many years, Bonestell had been creating beautifully detailed paintings of the Moon and planets. Viewers of his artwork were unhappy because the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it.
As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is. He worked closely with astronomers and scientists to get the most uptodate scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one had ever seen another planet up close. Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real that some people thought they were photographs.
Even though Bonestell was interested in astronomy, he did not start out as a space artist. As a young man he studied architecture — the art and science of designing and making buildings. In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood. It was here that he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods used in the movies.
In 1944, a popular magazine published a series of Bonestell's paintings of the planet Saturn. He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons. The results were dazzling. Within a few years, Bonestell's artwork was appearing regularly in magazines and books on astronomy and space flight.
Many of Bonestell's artworks had been right all along. But the
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biggest surprise was the Moon. Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures from the Moon. “I thought how wrong I was！” he said. “My mountains were sharp (陡峭的), and they aren't on the Moon.”
But he shouldn't have felt bad. No space artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway worlds. In the years just before the first manned space flights, Bonestell's artwork prepared people for the amazing space adventure to come.
1．Bonestell made his space drawings ________.
A．from a very early age
B．by copying photographs
C．with the help of scientists
D．in order to make a living
2．The underlined word “dazzling” in Paragraph 4 can best be replaced by “________”．
A．doubtful B．wonderful
C．terrible D．worrying
3．Bonestell's success lay in the fact that ________.
A．he created a new drawing skill
B．he helped finish the first space flight
C．he made space travel more popular
D．he helped bring space closer to people
4. What would be the best title for the text?
A．The space art of Chesley Bonestell
B．The first men on the Moon
C．The journeys of the Apollo astronauts
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D．Spacewalking: through an astronaut's eyes
答案与解析
本文介绍了一个太空艺术家Chesley Bonestell的作品。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is. He worked closely with astronomers and scientists to get the most uptodate scientific information available.可知Bonestell在科学家和宇航员的帮助下作画，故C正确。
2．B 词义猜测题。根据画线单词下一句Within a few years, Bonestell's artwork was appearing regularly in magazines and books on astronomy and space flight.在几年之内，Bonestell的作品定期地出现在关于天文学和航空飞行的书和杂志上。可知结果是非常好的，故这里dazzling可被wonderful取代，答案为B。
3．D 推理判断题。根据文章第最后一段内容In the years just before the first manned space flights, Bonestell's artwork prepared people for the amazing space adventure to come.可看出Bonestell的成功在于他使人们为未来的太空之旅做准备，即让人们离太空更近。答案为D。
4．A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了Chesley Bonestell关于太空的作品。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. __1__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult.
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__2__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
__3__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: You should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. __4__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. __5__ First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.
A．Do not buy it.
B．The easiest is to steam it.
C．This is how you can do it.
D．It just requires a little knowledge.
E．The fish will go bad within hours.
F．When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了购买、储存以及烹饪鱼的简单方法。
1．G 上文提到人们都知道鱼对健康有益。根据G项中的“help prevent heart disease”可知，G项承接上文话题，进一步解释了吃鱼的好处，符合语境。故选G。
2．D 上文提到购买、储存以及烹饪鱼并不难。D项承接上文话题，强调“这仅需一点知识”
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，从而引出下文对这些知识的介绍，符合语境。故选D。
3．F 下文提到新鲜的鱼闻起来有点甜，不新鲜的鱼闻起来有腥味。F项“买鱼时，要先闻一闻”与下文话题衔接紧密，且F项中的“smell”与下文中的“smell”呼应，符合语境。故选F。
4．A 上文提到通过闻气味，可以判断带有强烈腥味的鱼是不新鲜的；由此可知，A项“不要买这种鱼”承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
5．B 根据下文介绍鱼的具体做法可知，此处指蒸鱼，与B项中的“steam it”吻合，符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·江西省红色七校联考)
Many firms are refusing to hire talent from poor backgrounds __1__ they do not follow tradition, a report says.
Managers can often place as much __2__ (important) on speech, accent, dress and behavior __3__ on skills and qualifications. Firms are also recruiting from a small pool of elite universities and hire those __4__“fit in” while __5__ (ignore) talented but less advantaged candidates, according to Social Mobility Commission research.
It is __6__ (shock) that some investment banks even judge candidates on __7__ they wear brown shoes. For men, wearing brown shoes with a business suit is __8__(general) considered unacceptable within investment banking and corporate finance.
Issues relating to dress may seem relatively simple for individuals __9__ (adopt). But interviewees suggested they do play a material role __10__ the selection process as demonstration of “fit”．
答案与解析
本文主要介绍了很多公司愿意招聘有贫困背景的人才及其原因。
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1．because 考查连词。前后句意是因果关系，此处表示原因，故填because。
2．importance 考查名词。由句子结构可知此处用名词作宾语，important的名词形式是importance，是不可数名词，故填importance。
3．as 考查固定结构。as...as...是固定结构，表示“和……一样……”，故填as。
4．who或that 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who或that。
5．ignoring 考查while doing的省略。当从句主语和主句主语一致时，省略从句的主语和be动词，故填ignoring。
6．shocking 考查形容词。由句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作表语，ed形容词修饰人，表示“人感到……的”，ing形容词修饰物，表示“令人……的”，故填shocking。
7．whether 考查连词。此处表示“是否”，故填whether。
8．generally 考查副词。修饰动词considered用副词，故填generally。
9．to adopt 考查动词不定式。be＋adj. for sb. to do表示“做某事对某人来说……”，故填to adopt。
10．in 考查介词。in the process是固定搭配，表示“在过程中、在进行中”，故填in。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学测试)
In my view, the Internet is helpful. It is known to all, the Internet is playing important part in our daily life. On the Internet, we can read news home and abroad and got as much informations as we can. We can also attend to the net school and read many books. We can even do shopping
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online. Besides, your ability to operate the computer can be improved great. So we should not be addicted to the Internet, or we'll get our life and study destroying. In addition, we should keep off the harm websites. Anyhow, this doesn't prevent the Internet from becoming our friend.
答案
In my view, the Internet is helpful. is known to all, the Internet is playing important part in our daily life. On the Internet, we can read news home and abroad and as much as we can. We can also attend the net school and read many books. We can even do shopping online. Besides, ability to operate the computer can be improved . we should not be addicted to the Internet, or we'll get our life and study . In addition, we should keep off the websites. Anyhow, this doesn't prevent the Internet from becoming our friend.
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2017·吉林省松原市油田高中测试)
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris刚刚转学，感到一切都很陌生。他在邮件中向你询问如何尽快融入新环境，请你根据以下信息回信。
1.多跟同学交流沟通；
2.积极参加学校活动；
3.向老师寻求帮助。
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注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in at your new school.______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案
Dear_Chris，
I_am_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_having_trouble_fitting_in_at_your_new_school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions may be helpful.
First, I think you may need to communicate with your classmates as
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much as possible. In this way, you will get to know each other better. Second, it might be a good idea for you to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other students and are therefore good for developing friendly relationships. Last but not least, faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking our teachers, who can usually offer you some sensible suggestions.
I sincerely hope my advice will be of some help to you. If there is anything more I can do to help, please let me know.
Yours，
Li_Hua
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