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课时作业24
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·安徽省六安市第一中学月考)
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops.
Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors said.
In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual notetaking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers' report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears. ”
In another experiment aimed at testing longterm memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on
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the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
1．More and more students favor laptops for notetaking because they can ________.
A．write more notes
B．digest concepts better
C．get higher scores
D．understand lecture better
2．While taking notes，laptop users tend to be ________.
A．skillful B．tireless
C．thoughtful D．mindless
3．The author of the passage aims to ________.
A．examine the importance of longterm memory
B．stress the benefit of taking notes by hand
C．explain the process of taking notes
D．promote the use of laptops
4．The passage is likely to appear in ________.
A．a finance report
B．a computer textbook
C．a science magazine
D．a newspaper advertisement
答案与解析
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本文是一篇说明文。本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。
1．A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)”可知，学生越来越多地使用笔记本电脑记笔记是因为它的速度和清晰度，这说明用笔记本电脑记笔记速度快记得多。故选A。
2．D 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught”可知，研究已经发现笔记本电脑的使用者没能记住和应用教给他们的概念。由此可推知，笔记本电脑的使用者在记笔记时是不动脑子的。故选D。
3．B 推理判断题。本文通过实验发现了用笔记本电脑记笔记的不良效果和用手记笔记的优势，两者相比突出了用手记笔记的好处。故选B。
4．C 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。由此可推知，本文应该出现在科学杂志里。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2016·北京高考)
The Science of RiskSeeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. __1__ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with
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early humans. Risktakers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. __2__ As the quality of risktaking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risktaking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stayinthecave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. __3__
No matter where you are on the riskseeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. __4__ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
__5__ For the riskseekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of riskseeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A．It all depends on your character.
B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D．Thus, these wellequipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we
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face a nervous situation.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文。早期，人类为了生存，需要冒险精神。这样，人类喜欢冒险的性格特点就延续下来，然而有一部分人可能不喜欢冒险。专家说这可能与我们的大脑活动有关系。
1．F 根据上文“when we weigh the risk and the reward”可知，本段围绕危险的衡量标准展开；根据下文“Some of us enjoy...scare the rest of us.”可知，衡量风险和奖赏的标准因人而异。F项“不是所有人都用相同的标准衡量风险和奖赏”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选F。
2．C 根据上文可知，冒险家更擅长狩猎、打斗和探险。根据下文可知，冒险精神被一代又一代的人传承下来，即擅长冒险的人生存下来了，并传承了这些精神。C项“擅长这些事情意味着有较大的生存机会”符合语境。故选C。
3．A 根据上文“humans developed a range of character types...hate it”可知，人类形成的一系列的性格类型延续至今。所以你可能喜欢或者讨厌赛车。A项“这由你的性格决定”与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选A。
4．E E项“青少年时期正是你走出家庭、走向更广阔的世界的时候”与上文中的“during your teenage years”相照应，符合语境。故选E。
5．G 根据下文可知，对于冒险者来说，与兴奋有关联的那部分大脑会变得活跃；而对于我们其余的人来说，与恐惧有关联的大脑部分会变得活跃。由此可知，G项“新的大脑研究表明，我们面对紧张的情况时，大脑反应也不同”是对下文的总结，符合语境。故选G。
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Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·长沙市望城区第一中学月考)
Have you ever seen the TV show “where are we going, Dad？” It is now without doubt the most popular TV show in China, attracting over 600 million viewers each week. In this program, several fathers，__1__ are all well known in China, take care of their kids alone__2__the help of the children's mothers. They also take part in different kinds of activities with their kids together, such as cooking, fishing and__3__(sell) goods.One reason why the show is so popular is __4__ it reflects social reality. In big cities, fathers are always__5__busy with their jobs to spare(挤出) time for their kids. Meanwhile, large numbers of fathers from the countryside__6__(come) to big cities over the years, leaving their kids at home under the grandparents' care. Xu Canyong, a 33yearold man__7__(employ) in a company in Shantou, Guangdong Province, said, “I have a son and a daughter in my hometown. I miss__8__ very much.”
Xie Dikui, the director of the show, said that he was also__9__(move) by the program. “__10__these fathers are busy, they manage to spare time for their kids. We can do as well as them.”
答案与解析
本文讲述了目前倍受欢迎的电视节目“爸爸去哪儿”的相关内容。
1．who 考查主语从句。先行词是several fathers，引导词在后句中作主语，应该用who连接，故填who。
2．without 考查介词。根据前文“take care of their kids alone”，可知这些孩子没有母亲陪在身边，“without”意为“没有”，故填without。
3．selling 考查and的用法。and前后所表达的意思相近，词性相同，前面是ing形式的后面也应该是ing形式的，故填selling。
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4．that 考查表语从句。后面的表语从句中不缺成分且意义完整，用that引导该从句，故填that。
5．too 考查固定句型。“too...to”表示强调句型，意为“太……以至于不能”，故填too。
6．have come 考查完成时态。根据后文 over the years，可知这里应该是完成时，主语“large numbers of fathers”是复数，并且全文以一般现在时为基本时态，所以这里是现在完成时，故填have come。
7．employed 考查非谓语动词。动词和主语之间构成被动关系，这里用动词过去分词作后置定语，故填employed。
8．them 考查宾语。这里用“them”指代前面的“a son and a daughter”，故填them。
9．moved 考查被动语态。根据语境可知，他也被感动了，用“be＋动词过去分词”表示被动语态，故填moved。
10．Though/Although 考查上下文联系。前后两句话表示转折关系，并且空格在句首，故填Though/Although。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·娄底市质检)
Nowadays, mobile phones are become more and more popular in the middle school students. In my opinion, we can bring mobile phones to school. As we know, the 21st century is a modern age and full of informations. A mobile phone is one of the quicker tools for us to exchange messages. The mobile phone is a fashionable and useful invention, but we ought to make the best use of it. Suppose there's sudden accident, it is more conveniently for us to dial for help immediately. There're also some games in the mobile phone. We can relax us by playing them when we're tired of our studies. In my opinion, it's not wrong to follow after the fashion, but the most important thing is that to use the mobile phone in a right way.
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答案
Nowadays, mobile phones are more and more popular the middle school students. In my opinion, we can bring mobile phones to school. As we know, the 21st century is a modern age and full of . A mobile phone is one of the tools for us to exchange messages. The mobile phone is a fashionable and useful invention, we ought to make the best use of it. Suppose there's sudden accident, it is more for us to dial for help immediately. There're also some games in the mobile phone. We can relax by playing them when we're tired of our studies. In my opinion, it's not wrong to / the fashion, but the most important thing is / to use the mobile phone in a right way.
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2017·湖南省浏阳市第一中学模拟)
假设你叫李华，你的一个朋友John刚从美国归来，邀请你参加本周日在他家举办的朋友聚会，但你不能参加，请你根据以下要点给他写一封电子邮件：
1. 表达想参加的意愿； 2. 忙于准备考试；
3. 由于感冒，身体不适；4. 表示歉意并另约时间。
注意：1.可适当添加细节以使行文连贯；
2．词数100左右；
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3．开头和结尾已给，不计入总词数。
Dear John，
I'm extremely sorry to tell you that I am unable to go to your party this Sunday.__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly，
Li Hua
答案
Dear_John，
I'm_extremely_sorry_to_tell_you_that_I_am_unable_to_go_to_your_party_this_Sunday. It is very kind of you to invite me to your house and I really look forward to going to your party and sharing your happy experiences abroad. Much to my regret, I will be absent from your party owing to the fact that an important exam is just around the corner, for which I am now really busy preparing.
What's worse, I have caught a bad cold lately and I'd rather I stayed at home instead of going anywhere.
Anyway, we will have many more chances to get together. Would it be convenient for you if we make it after the exam?
I'm truly sorry. I hope you will forgive me and accept my sincere apologies. I look forward to your reply.
Yours_truly，
Li_Hua
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