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课时作业21
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·河南省鹤壁市高级中学周练)
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit(轨道)of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形)．
Now Halley set to work. He figured out(解决，计算出)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain to make a prediction(预言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's
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prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley's comet, in his honor.
1．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ________.
A．some different comets appearing several times
B．the same comet appearing at different times
C．three different comets appearing at the same time
D．several comets appearing at the same time
2．Halley made his discovery ________.
A．by doing experiments
B．by means of his own careful observation
C．by using the working of other scientists
D．by chance
3．Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year ________.
A．1704 B．1705
C．1706 D．1707
4．This passage in general is about ________.
A．Halley and other scientists
B．the orbit of a comet
C．Newton and Halley
D．Halley and his discovery
答案与解析
文章介绍了哈雷和他的发现哈雷彗星，以及发现验证哈雷彗星的过程。
1．B 推理判断题。根据文章的第四段“He decided that they had
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simply seen the same comet three times”及上文提到的看彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年可判断正确答案为B。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。故选C。
3．B 推理计算题。文中第五段的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。故选B。
4．D 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现哈雷彗星。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·福建省莆田市第二十五中学月考)
I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in short supply.It seems that everywhere I go, I have to__1__ my identity and trustworthiness—whether it's a bank, shop or any office.I have been accustomed to living by the __2__ that no one is trustworthy __3__ proved otherwise.Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally __4__ rule.
I was walking along a busy intersection when I __5__ a young man standing near the pedestrian crossing setting up a stall(货摊). __6__I would ignore and hurry past such sellers.But I noticed this young man was__7__， so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his __8__.
Soon, a young mother with a little boy came by and the child set his__9__ on one of teddy bears.The mother asked the __10__and it was
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only one dollar.She pulled out a 10 dollar note and told the young man that she was giving him 10 dollars and wanted the __11__back. I was __12__ to know how he was going to do it.He told the mom to put the __13__ in the pouch(袋子) hanging around his neck and take out whatever change he__14__ her.
I realized that this young man's whole mode of earning __15__ on trusting people not to cheat him.There was no __16__ for him to know if someone took out more out of his pouch of earning.I was so __17__ by how this young man trusted people that I bought a car model from him.I did not need it, __18__.I just hoped to help a little.
Now I __19__ believe that the world would be a better place if we could all learn to __20__ others more, like the young blind street seller of toys.
1．A.introduce B．present
C．prove D．request
2．A.rule B．habit
C．practice D．law
3．A.if B．since
C．although D．unless
4．A.similar B．different
C．special D．common
5．A.approached B．noticed
C．watched D．looked
6．A.Actually B．Normally
C．Informally D．Casually
7．A.blind B．handsome
C．disabled D．strange
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8．A.clothes B．bears
C．toys D．pouches
9．A.mind B．interest
C．heart D．attraction
10．A.price B．stall
C．toy D．help
11．A.money B．charge
C．change D．note
12．A.anxious B．surprised
C．pleased D．curious
13．A.hand B．money
C．teddy bear D．necklace
14．A.gave B．owed
C．owned D．showed
15．A.depended B．settled
C．decided D．focused
16．A.problem B．point
C．way D．doubt
17．A.attracted B．shocked
C．excited D．touched
18．A.either B．instead
C．moreover D．though
19．A.firmly B．tightly
C．unwillingly D．negatively
20．A.take in B．turn to
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C．help out D．believe in
答案与解析
本文作者通过自己的经历告知我们，如果我们能够彼此信任，这个世界将会是一个更美好的地方。
1．C 根据上文“I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in short supply.”可知，作者觉得社会上缺少信任，似乎无论去哪里，不管是银行、商店还是办公室都必须证明自己的身份。A.introduce“介绍”；B.present“呈现”；C.prove“证明”；D.request“请求”。故选C。
2．A 根据下文“Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally ________rule.”可知，作者认为我们都习惯了按照规则生活。A.rule“规则”；B.habit“习惯”；C.practice“惯例”；D.law“法律”。故选A。
3．D 根据上文“I have to ________my identity and trustworthiness—whether it's a bank, shop or any office.”可知，除非被证明，没有人是可信赖的。A.if“如果”；B.since“自从……以来”；C.although“尽管”；D.unless“除非”。故选D。
4．B 根据下文的讲述可知，这位盲人依据的规则完全不同于作者认为的社会缺乏信任，他完全靠对人的信任让顾客自己找零钱。A.similar“相似的”；B.different“不同的”；C.special“特殊的”；D.common“共同的”。故选B。
5．B 根据语境可知，当作者走过一个繁忙的十字路口的时候，注意到一个年轻人在路边摆摊。A.approached“接近”；B.noticed“注意”；C.watched“观看”；D.looked“看”。故选B。
6．B 根据下文“But I noticed this young man was ________， so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his
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________.”可知，正常情况下，作者会忽视掉这些卖东西的人匆忙走过，但是那天他看到是一个盲人在摆摊，于是他停了下来想看看他怎么卖东西。A.Actually“实际上”；B.Normally“正常地；通常地”；C.Informally“非正式地”；D.Casually“随便地”。故选B。
7．A 根据文章最后提到的“like the young blind street seller of toys”可知，这是一个盲人在卖东西。A.blind“盲的；瞎的”；B.handsome“英俊的”；C.disabled“残疾的”；D.strange“奇怪的”。故选A。
8．C 根据下文提到的“one of teddy bears”和最后提到的“like the young blind street seller of toys”可知，这个盲人是卖玩具的。A.clothes“衣服”；B.bears“熊”；C.toys“玩具”；D.pouches“育儿袋”。故选C。
9．C 根据下文“The mother asked the ________and it was only one dollar.”可知，这个孩子想要这个玩具熊。A.mind“想法”；B.interest“兴趣”；C.heart“内心”；D.attraction“吸引”。set one's heart on something“一心想要某物”。故选C。
10．A 根据下文“it was only one dollar”可知，妈妈在询问玩具的价格。A.price“价格”；B.stall“货摊”；C.toy“玩具”；D.help“帮助”。故选A。
11．C 根据上下文可知，玩具的价格是一美元，妈妈给了10美元，因此想要找回零钱。A.money“钱”；B.charge“费用”；C.change“零钱”；D.note“钞票”。故选C。
12．D 根据上文可知，这个人是一个盲人，因此作者很好奇他怎么收钱找零钱。A.anxious“焦虑的”；B.surprised“惊奇的”；C.pleased“高兴的”；D.curious“好奇的”。故选D。
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13．B 根据上文可知，这个盲人要找给这位妈妈零钱，因此他告诉这位妈妈把钱放进挂在他脖子上的袋子里，然后拿出欠她的零钱。A.hand“手”；B.money“钱”；C.teddy bear“泰迪熊”；D.necklace“项链”。故选B。
14．B 根据上文可知，这个盲人要这位妈妈把钱放进他挂在脖子上的袋子里，然后拿走欠她的零钱。A.gave“给”；B.owed“欠”；C.owned“拥有”；D.showed“展示”。故选B。
15．A 根据上文讲述的盲人的买卖方式可知，他的赚钱方式完全依靠相信别人不会欺骗他。A.depended“依赖”；B.settled“解决”；C.decided“决定”；D.focused“聚集”。depend on“依靠”。故选A。
16．C 因为这是盲人，所以他没有办法知道是否有人多拿了他袋子里的钱。A.problem“问题”；B.point“要点”；C.way“方法”；D.doubt“怀疑”。故选C。
17．D 根据下文“Now I ________believe that the world would be a better place if we could all learn to ________ others more, like the young blind street seller of toys.”可知，作者对这个盲人对别人的完全相信很感动。A.attracted“被吸引的”；B.shocked“震惊的”；C.excited“激动的”；D.touched“感动的”。故选D。
18．D 根据下文“I just hoped to help a little.”可知，作者从这位盲人那里买了一辆玩具车，然而作者并不需要。A.either“也”；B.instead“代替”；C.moreover“而且”；D.though“然而”。though置于句末，作状语，表示转折，意思是“然而”。故选D。
19．A 根据语境可知，通过这件事情，作者现在坚定地相信如果我们都能像这个盲人一样相信别人更多一点，那么这个世界会成为一个更好的地方。A.firmly“坚定地”； B．tightly“紧紧地”；C.unwillingly“勉强地”；D.negatively“消极地”。故选A。
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20．D 作者现在坚定地相信如果我们都能像这个盲人一样相信别人更多一点，那么这个世界会成为一个更好的地方。A.take in“欺骗”；B.turn to“求助于”；C.help out“帮助摆脱困难”；D.believe in“相信”。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·安阳市三十六中月考)
I wanted to do something special for my 15yearold son, who has always been a perfect boy. He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy __1__ (he) a new racingbicycle instead of asking for money from me. Then he spent hours and hours on it. I loved my son so much __2__ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves. When my son rode the racingbicycle with them, he looked very cool. He dreamed __3__ taking part in a race and winning.
On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found __4__ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, __5__ (say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob. I remembered once I __6__ (joke) to my family that I wanted to learn playing the guitar to make my life colorful. I had __7__ (forget) it, but my son remembered. He took it __8__ (serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift. When I wondered __9__ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realized that my son had sold his racingbicycle __10__ (get) me the guitar.
答案与解析
通过本文考查了学生对一些英语语法的理解和应用。如固定搭配，名词复数，形容词副词的区别，名词的用法等。
1．himself 考查反身代词。buy
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oneself给自己买，这里的意思是给他自己买自行车。
2．that 考查连词。so...that... 如此……以至于……，为固定搭配。
3．of 考查固定短语。dream of doing sth. 梦想着做某事，为固定短语。
4．a 考查冠词。这里是泛指，表示一个吉他，所以需用不定冠词，beautiful是以辅音因素开头的单词，所以应该用冠词a。
5．saying 考查非谓语动词。现在分词做非谓语动词，表示写着……。
6．joked 考查一般过去时。由remembered可知，该句需用一般过去时，所以这里joke需用过去式joked。
7．forgotten 考查过去完成时。该句为过去完成时，结构为had done，所以这里forget需用过去分词形式forgotten。
8．seriously 考查固定短语。take it seriously很认真地对待，为固定短语，这里需用副词。
9．how 考查宾语从句。该句为how引导的宾语从句作wonder的宾语。
10．to get 考查动词不定式。这里动词不定式表示目的，“为了”。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·安徽省合肥市第一中学月考)
I'd like to talking about my most memorable experience.It was a trip to Australia I had three years before with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.It was the first time I had travelled by plane in my life.My mum worried a lot，so everything went smoothly.I stayed there for two week and it was the happiest time in my life.Besides our
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performances there，we have much excitement.We spent on almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and swam in the blue sea.But warmly Australian nights were which I adored most of all.It was a time of joy，light music and summer parties.
答案
I'd like to about my most memorable experience.It was a trip to Australia I had three years with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.It was the first time I had travelled by plane in my life.My mum worried a lot， everything went smoothly.I stayed there for two and it was the happiest time in my life.Besides our performances there，we much excitement.We spent almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and in the blue sea.But Australian nights were I adored most of all.It was a time of joy, light music and summer parties.
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