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课时作业33
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·南阳一中月考)
Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”．
Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was unwilling to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans？” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable (电缆) from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be made.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book—The Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it
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was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a fivevolume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
1．The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly ________.
A．for oceanographic studies
B．for military purposes
C．for business considerations
D．for investigating the depths of the oceans
2．The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was ________.
A．to make some sound experiments in the oceans
B．to collect samples of sea plants and animals
C．to estimate the length of cable that was to be made
D．to measure the depths of the two oceans
3．The underlined word “defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “________”．
A．doubted B．challenged
C．gave proof to D．agreed to
4．The theme of this passage is about ________.
A．the beginnings of oceanography
B．the laying of the first undersea cable
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C．the investigation of ocean depths
D．the early intercontinental communications
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文，定义并描述了海洋学的发展过程。
1．C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The first time that the question ‘What is at the bottom of the oceans？’ had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.”可知，当有人基于商业目的建议在美国和欧洲之间铺设电报电缆的时候，人们才提出问题：海底是什么？也就是说，铺设电报电缆的这个建议具有商业性，故选C。
2．D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.”可知，莫里负责的航海的目的是测量北大西洋和太平洋的深度，故选D。
3．B 猜测词义题。联系上下文可知，当人们把电缆从海底取出来修理时，发现电缆上覆盖有活着的植物，而当时的科学观念认为，在海洋更深处没有生命存在，可知这个事实与当时的科学观念正好相反，故选B，这个发现挑战了当时的科学观念。
4．A 主旨大意题。文章在开头提出了“海洋学”的定义，接下来按照时间顺序来描述海洋学发展的过程，可知本文的中心为oceanography，故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·重庆一中月考)
In my childhood, I envied my classmates very much as my absence
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from school was not allowed due to my strict parents. I had to be __1__ in order to stay home. My parents __2__ to say that they were leading me to have a __3__ work ethic (职业道德). Not until last week did I see the __4__.
I was on a bus, and behind was a man who was __5__ to his friend about his life. His dream was to become a director but he wouldn't continue to __6__ it because he had no __7__ if he could make enough money. And he didn't want to waste __8__ because it probably would take months or years to __9__ it big. Then he admitted to thinking about becoming a(n) __10__ because he thought he could __11__ make six figures within one year. His friend agreed because as he put it, “I have no __12__ to work long hours and not make much money. Taking pictures is good because you can make big money and only work short hours.”
Many people these days don't __13__ that when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of __14__， determination and time have gone into it. Someone once told me that you may know __15__ someone is an expert in his given field by how easy he makes it look. The __16__ it looks, the more hours go into it.
There is no __17__ for laziness. In the television show Fame, the dance teacher told her students, “If you want fame, fame __18__ and here's how you start paying for it, in sweat.” Every time I watch that show, my dad would repeat how __19__ she was because in order to __20__ you have to work hard. He would go on and on about how bad it is to be lazy.
1．A.shaking B．smiling
C．shouting D．lying
2．A.needed B．used
C．agreed D．ought
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3．A.different B．reliable
C．standard D．good
4．A.evidence B．significance
C．answer D．result
5．A.writing B. explaining
C．reflecting D．complaining
6．A.support B．make
C．follow D．change
7．A.idea B．doubt
C．evidence D．sign
8．A.luck B．money
C．time D．opportunity
9．A.take B．promote
C．make D．create
10．A.dancer B．lawyer
C．actor D．photographer
11．A.gently B．eagerly
C．easily D．carefully
12．A.choice B．time
C．desire D．chance
13．A.understand B．guarantee
C．recognize D．realize
14．A.decision B．effort
C．pressure D．intelligence
15．A.that B．why
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C．whether D．when
16．A.easier B．lighter
C．better D．harder
17．A.explanation B．statement
C．excuse D．possibility
18．A.matters B．arises
C．works D．costs
19．A.natural B．beautiful
C．right D．kind
20．A.succeed B．develop
C．finish D．rest
答案与解析
为了引导我有良好的职业道德，严格的父母不允许我缺课。直到上周，在公交上听到一个男子抱怨自己的生活，我才明白其意义。任何事情的成功，必须有长期坚持不懈的努力。
1．D 考查动词。根据本文第一句“In my childhood, I envied my classmates very much as my absence from school was not allowed due to my strict parents.”可知，作者小时候非常羡慕同学，因为父母亲很严格不允许作者缺课，因此作者要呆在家必须向家长撒谎，故选D项lying。
2．B 考查动词。本段叙述作者小时候的事情，故用B项used to(过去常常……)。A项need to do“需要做……”，C项agree to do“同意做……”，D项ought to“应该……”。
3．D 考查形容词。结合前文，父母亲一直不让作者缺课，是引导作者要有良好的职业道德。A项different“不同的”，B项reliable“可靠的”，C项standard“标准的”，均不符合题意。
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4．B 考查名词。直到上周我才明白父母不让我缺课并引导我有良好职业道德的意义(significance)，故选B项。A项evidence“证据”，C项answer“答案”，D项result“结果”。
5．D 考查动词。根据下文该男子和朋友的交谈内容可知，该男子向朋友抱怨自己的生活，故选D项complain，complain to sb. about...“向……抱怨……”。A项writing“写”，B项explaining“解释”，C项reflecting“反应”，均不合题意。
6．C 考查动词。与名词dream搭配，应用follow，表“追寻梦想”，故选C项。A项support“支持”， B项make“制作”，D项change“改变”。
7．A 考查名词。该男子不回去追寻自己当导演的梦想，因为他不知道他是否能赚到足够的钱，have no idea是固定短语，表“不知道”，相当于don't know，故选A项。B项doubt“怀疑”，C项evidence“证据”，D项sign“迹象”。
8．C 考查名词。由下文“because it probably would take months or years to...”可知，他不想浪费时间(time)，故选C项。A项luck“运气”，B项money“钱”，D项opportunity“机会”。
9．C 考查动词。根据句子结构，该空后的it和big分别是该动词后的宾语和宾补，四个选项中可以加宾语和宾补的只有make，故选C项。A项take“带走”，B项promote“提升；促进”，D项create“创造”。
10．D 考查名词。依据下文“Taking pictures is good because you can make big money and only work short hours.”可知，该男子承认考虑过要成为一名摄影师(photographer)，故选D项。
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11．C 考查副词。结合上下文，该男子想成为摄影师，他认为当摄影师很容易在一年之内就能赚到六位数，选C项easily。A项gently“温和地”，B项eagerly“渴望地”，D项carefully 仔细地，小心地。
12．C 考查名词。根据上文“he didn't want to waste time because it probably would take months or years to make it big.”可知，该男子不愿工作很长时间且赚不到很多钱，故选C项desire，此处have no desire to对应前文的didn't want to。A项choice“选择”，B项time“时间”，D项chance“机会”不符合语境。
13．D 考查动词。现在许多人并未意识到当事情会立刻发生的话，仅仅是因为人们已经将很多的努力、决心和时间投入到了其中，故选D项。A项表“理解”，B项表“保证”，C项表“辨认出”。
14．B 考查名词。现在许多人并未意识到当事情会立刻发生的话，仅仅是因为人们已经将很多的努力、决心和时间投入到了其中，故选B项。A项decision“决定”，C项pressure“压力”，D项intelligence“智商”。
15．C 考查连词。该空是宾语从句的引导词，再结合句意，表示你可能会知道某人是否为特定领域的专家，故选whether“是否”。
16．A 考查形容词。根据本段第一句内容“when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of effort, determination and time have gone into it.”可知，事情看起来越容易，人们在这件事情上投入的时间越多，故选A项。
17．C 考查名词。结合整篇文章内容，任何事情都要投入时间、决心和努力，因此没有懒惰的理由，故选C项excuse。A项explanation“解释”，B项statement“陈述”，D项possibility“可能”，均不合语境。
18．D 考查动词。根据下一句“here's how you start paying for it, in
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sweat.”可知，要想成名，就必须付出代价，故选D项costs。A项matters“重要”，B项arises“出现”，C项works“奏效，起作用”。
19．C 考查形容词。舞蹈老师的观点和父亲的观点一致，所以他会重复说她是多么正确(right)，故选C项。
20．A 考查动词。结合本文主旨，要成功就必须坚持不懈地努力，故选A项succeed。B项表“发展”，C项表“完成”，D项表“休息”。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·长郡中学高三摸底)
Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water __1__(use)on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are __2__ (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea.
However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a __3__(mix)of sea and fresh water __4__(grow) healthy and tasty vegetables.
He teamed up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm __5__ eight negated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a computer program created water with eight levels of salinity(含盐度)．
The water levels and the levels of salinity was __6__ (control) by computerized measuring devices called “sensors”. Mr. Van Rijsselberg said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables were smaller than __7__grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much __8__ (good)．
He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water. Mr.Van Rijsselberg said four kinds
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of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan __9__thousands of hectares of land __10__(damage) by salinization last year.
答案与解析
本文主要讲述了气候变化导致海平面上升，这增加了沿海农场的使用水中的盐分，农民逐渐无法使用接近大海的领域。Marc Van Rijsselberg，荷兰的一个农民，现在用的是海洋和淡水共同按比例浇灌健康美味的蔬菜。
1．used 考查非谓语动词。此处的use用在此处与主语是被动关系，应该用过去分词的形式。故填used。
2．gradually 考查副词。此处修饰use，应该用副词形式。故填gradually。
3．mixture 考查名词。此处指的是海洋和淡水的混合物。故填mixture。
4．to grow 考查固定用法。to do表示目的。故填to grow。
5．into 考查介词。divide into把……分成。故填into。
6．controlled 考查被动语态。此处指的是被控制在一定的比例。故填controlled。
7．those 考查代词。句意：他说这些蔬菜比在淡水中的那些生长的小。故填those。
8．better 考查比较级。因为前文有much，此处表示更好。故填better。
9．where 考查定语从句。先行词为Pakistan，是一个地点名称，应该用where引导。故填where。
10．was damaged 考查被动语态。此处指的是被破坏的，应用被动语态。故填was damaged。
Ⅳ.短文改错
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(2017·三明一中月考)
Last summer I did some fruitpicking. It is pretty hard work. I had to start in 7 am and pick for a good eight hour. But it was such cheerful that we had great fun. Some of we had guitars, so in the evenings we had barbecues and played a bit music together. I only got about $80 a week, and at the least they gave me all my meals, and the food was not that awfully. Basic accommodation was also supplying. Still, I'm afraid I won't be going fruitpicking this summer, because I've got a temporary job in town what pays better.
答案
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