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课时作业16
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860—1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907—1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930—present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913—2005)
On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act
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landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.
1．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
A．Her social work.
B．Her teaching skills.
C．Her efforts to win a prize.
D．Her community background.
2．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?
A．Her lack of proper training in law.
B．Her little work experience in court.
C．The discrimination against women.
D．The poor financial conditions.
3．Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the U．S.?
A．Jane Addams.
B．Rachel Carson.
C．Sandra Day O'Connor.
D．Rosa Parks.
4．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A．They are highly educated.
B．They are truly creative.
C．They are pioneers.
D．They are peacelovers.
答案与解析
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本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在过去100年里四位很有影响力的杰出女性。
1．A 细节理解题。该题问的是Jane Addams在历史上以什么闻名。根据第二段第一句并结合第二段内容可知，她以她的社会工作而闻名。故选A。
2．C 推理判断题。该题问的是O'Connor被律师事务所拒绝的原因。根据第四段第一句可推知，这是因为当时的社会歧视女性。故选C。
3．D 细节理解题。该题问的是谁为美国的民权运动做出了巨大贡献。根据最后一段第三、四句并结合最后一段内容可知，Rosa Parks对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
4．C 推理判断题。该题问的是对于文中提到的四位女士，我们可以推断出什么结论。根据第二至五段内容可推知，文中介绍的四位女性都是某个领域的先驱。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2017·成都外国语学校月考)
What do they really mean?
Food manufacturers and retailers are letting shoppers down. This is the view of the CWS, which has just brought out a new report.
According to the report, shoppers believe food labels(标签) because they think there are strict regulations in place. __1__So the food industry can get away with all sorts of tricky strategies to make products look bigger and sound better than they are.
The report has identified the different ways in which shoppers are misled. __2__ Descriptions on packaging are sometimes inaccurate in an attempt to oversell the product. One example given in the report is the
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phrase “haddock fillets”， used for a product that is in fact cut from big blocks of fish rather than individual slices.
__3__ These include “traditional”， “wholesome”， or “premium”. The claim that a brand is “90% fatfree” hides the fact that it contains 10% fat, which above recommended levels. Phrases such as “free from preservatives” make a virtue out of a normal attribute of food.
Labels have a wide variety of text sizes on them. You sometimes need a magnifying glass to read the small print. __4__
Another deliberate type of misinformation lies in the image. Many pictures on packets use small plates to make the product look bigger. __5__
However, misleading messages on packaging could soon be a thing of the past. The CWS recently produced a code which, if used, would end the current inaccuracies and halftruths. It has called on the government to support it as a way of improving food standards.
A．Meaningless adjectives are often used to give a positive message.
B．An officer says the labels will receive very serious consideration.
C．Photographs are sometimes retouched(修饰) to achieve the same effect.
D．By contrast, the hard sell (强行推销) information is given emphasis.
E．The rules are, in reality, very weak at present.
F．This result has not pleased the food industry.
G．The most common of these is poor labeling.
答案与解析
本文讲述的是如何读懂食品的标签。
1．
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E 购物者相信食物标签，因为他们认为有严格的规定。但事实上，这些规定现在非常薄弱，故E项符合语境。
2．G 报道中列出了购物者被误导的几种方式，其中最普遍的是差的标签，故G项符合语境。
3．A 由下文给出的多个形容词可知，A项“毫无意义的形容词用来传递一种积极的信息”符合语境。
4．D 有时你需要放大镜去阅读那些很小的字体，而强行推销的字体就特别显眼，故D项符合语境。
5．C 包装上的很多图片用小盘子让产品显得很大，图片有时也会被修饰来达到同样的效果，故C项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·贵州省思南中学月考)
Buying books on the Internet is a great way to save time and money. Online bookstores offer new books and used books that can save you a lot of money. What's more, they are far better __1__ (compare) to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books. You can either click the kind of ebooks online __2__ type the book title and get it in seconds. Another advantage of shopping online __3__(be) that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers' reviews to get an idea __4__ the book is worth buying. Online bookstores offer great discounts, __5__ is a big attraction for book lovers.
For book lovers，__6__is most important to get books in time. Therefore, you need to find __7__ reliable online bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries.
Here are some tips to use when selecting an online bookstore. Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books; some are __8__ nonfiction books or novels, etc. Understanding their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books in time. Check whether you will
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be buying the books from a thirdparty seller or __9__ (direct) from the websites. Never jump at stores that offer super cheap prices, as books __10__ (sell) at such low price could be in very bad condition.
答案与解析
本文是一篇应用文，说明了现在网上购书的优势并就选择网上书店提了几条建议。
1．compared 考查非谓语动词。根据语境和句子结构可知，“__1__ (compare) to traditional bookstores”在句中作状语，compare和主句主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。
2．or 考查固定搭配。此处考查either...or...这一结构，故填or。
3．is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语Another advantage为单数，故填is。
4．whether 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，“__4__ the book is worth buying”在句中作idea的同位语，同时根据语境，这里表示“是否”，故用whether。if一般不引导同位语从句。
5．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“__5__ is a big attraction for book lovers”为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which。
6．it 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，“to get books in time”是真正的主语，空格处是形式主语，故用it。
7．a 考查冠词。bookstore为可数名词，根据语境可知，此处表泛指，故用a。
8．for 考查介词。根据上下文可知此句为省略句，补充完整应为“some are popular for nonfiction books or novels, etc”，故此处填for。
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9．directly 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作状语，应用副词形式directly。
10．sold 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， “__10__ (sell) at such a low price”作books的后置定语，sell和books是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·成都树德中学阶段考试)
In my mind, I could never fancy what ten seconds of life could change a person's view for his whole existence. A few years ago, I experience the worst moment in my life. I was driving home that afternoon. Unfortunately, I didn't make it home as usually because I had a car accident. While I was driving, all of a sudden, but the car in front of me stopped. My car immediately ran into it. Luckily, I wasn't serious hurt. That accident changed way I drive and they taught me a valuable lesson. I also came to the conclusion which life needs to be treasuring.
答案
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In my mind, I could never fancy ten seconds of life could change a person's view his whole existence. A few years ago, I the worst moment in my life. I was driving home that afternoon. Unfortunately, I didn't make it home as because I had a car accident. While I was driving, all of a sudden, the car in front of me stopped. My car immediately ran into it. Luckily, I wasn't hurt. That accident changed way I drive and taught me a valuable lesson. I also came to the conclusion life needs to be .
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2017·新疆兵团第二师模拟)
请用英文向你的同学介绍一下著名女科学家居里夫人(Madame Curie)。
提示：1.世界著名女科学家，1867年出生于波兰(Poland)一个教师家庭；
2. 从小爱学习并希望成为科学家，24岁赴巴黎，在巴黎大学读书，生活很艰难，但她学习非常刻苦；
3．一生致力于科学研究，在1903年和1911年两次分别获诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖；
4．她作为一位伟大的女科学家将永远被人们怀念。
要求：1.词数100词左右；2.不可逐字翻译。
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答案
Madame Curie is one of the greatest woman scientists in the world. Born in 1867, she first lived in Poland, then went to France. From her childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist. When she was very young she was interested in science. At 24, she left for Paris and
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entered the University of Paris. She lived a very tough life there, but she studied very hard. During all her life, she worked very hard and discovered the element radium. She received the Nobel Prize in 1903 and in 1911.
For her last ten years, she was almost blind. The radium with which she had worked for many years had caused blindness and illness and finally a disease of the blood. She died in Paris at the age of 66.
Today she is remembered not only as a great scientist, but also for her determination and courage.
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