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课时作业23
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·海南中学月考)
Even as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of selfdriving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains a bit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 selfdriving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.
“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people，” said Chris Urmson, director of Google's selfdriving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its selfdriving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.
The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator (油门) or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work，” Urmson said. “The vehicles will be very basic—we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible—but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype (雏形) are the first of a 100car fleet the tech giant is building.
In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads—the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error—and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can't drive because of age or illness.
Google has said that selfdriving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don't own. The
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company has already tested other types of selfdriving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sportutility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.
The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, including Delphi, MercedesBenz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control if needed.
Google says the cars are safe. The vehicles have sensors that “can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions, which is especially helpful on busy streets with lots of intersections，” Urmson said. “We're looking forward to learning how the community understands and interacts with the vehicles, and to uncovering challenges that are unique to a fully selfdriving vehicle，” Urmson said.
1．According to Chris Urmson, ________.
A．selfdriving cars can give driving orders to humans
B．software and sensors are vital for selfdriving cars
C．selfdriving cars are specially designed for the elderly
D．ordinary vehicles will be replaced by selfdriving cars
2．The passage informs us that selfdriving cars ________.
A．have already passed necessary tests
B．have been purchased by some companies
C．will be able to communicate with drivers
D．will probably decrease traffic jams
3．The underlined word “intersections” in the last paragraph can
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probably be replaced by ________.
A．crossings B．buildings
C．vehicles D．accidents
4．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Google's Selfdriving Car Graduates to City Streets
B．Google's Selfdriving Car Enjoys Global Popularity
C．Selfdriving Car Meets New Challenges
D．Selfdriving Car Avoids Human Errors
答案与解析
本文为科技说明文。文章主要介绍了谷歌研发的自动驾驶汽车，这款汽车已经开始在城市街道上进行实验。
1．B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work，” Urmson said.”可推知，没有车轮、油门和刹车的自动驾驶汽车的关键是软件和传感器。故选B。
2．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error — and fewer traffic jams.”(长远而言，厄姆森看到了未来的道路安全——汽车事故绝大多数由人为错误引起——交通阻塞会非常少)。故选D。
3．A 词义猜测题。根据所在句子“can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions, which is especially helpful on busy streets，”(可检测出超过两个足球场大小范围内的各个方向的物体)可推知，这尤其对于行驶在有很多交叉路口的繁忙街道上有帮助。故选A。
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4．A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了谷歌研发的自动驾驶汽车，这款汽车已经开始在城市街道上进行实验。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2016·江苏高考)
Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever. I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast. While we were __1__， Kurt asked me，“John, what is your __2__ for personal growth？”
Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that might __3__ for growth. I told him about the many activities in which I was __4__. And I went into a __5__ about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurt __6__ patiently, but then he __7__ smiled and said, “You don't have a personal plan for growth, do you？”
“No，” I __8__.
“You know，” Kurt said simply，“ growth is not a(n) __9__ process.”
And that's when it __10__ me. I wasn't doing anything __11__ to make myself better. And at that moment, I made the __12__： I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my __13__.
That night, I talked to my wife about my __14__ with Kurt and what I had learned. I __15__ her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling. We __16__ that Kurt wasn't just trying to make a sale. He was offering a __17__ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.
Several important things happened that day. First, we decided to __18__ the resources. But more importantly, we made a commitment to __19__ together as a couple. From that day on, we learned together,
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traveled together, and sacrificed together. It was a __20__ decision. While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.
1．A.working B．preparing
C．thinking D．eating
2．A.suggestion B．demand
C．plan D．request
3．A.appeal B．look
C．call D．qualify
4．A.involved B．trapped
C．lost D．bathed
5．A.lecture B．speech
C．discussion D．debate
6．A.calculated B．listened
C．drank D．explained
7．A.eagerly B．gradually
C．gratefully D．finally
8．A.admitted B．interrupted
C．apologized D．complained
9．A.automatic B．slow
C．independent D．changing
10．A.confused B．informed
C．pleased D．hit
11．A.on loan B．on purpose
C．on sale D．on balance
12．A.comment B．announcement
C．decision D．arrangement
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13．A.life B．progress
C．performance D．investment
14．A.contract B．conversation
C．negotiation D．argument
15．A.lent B．sold
C．showed D．offered
16．A.recalled B．defined
C．recognized D．declared
17．A.tool B．method
C．way D．rule
18．A.provide B．buy
C．give D．deliver
19．A.grow B．survive
C．move D．gather
20．A.difficult B．random
C．firm D．wise
答案与解析
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在和Kurt共进早餐时，“我”向他讲述了自己工作的辛劳；他告诉“我”人生应当有规划。在他的启发下，“我”开始重新规划自己的人生，并同“我”的妻子许诺共同成长。
1．D 考查动词辨析。根据上文“for breakfast”可知，在“我们”吃早饭时，Kurt问了“我”一个问题。D项意为“吃”，符合语境。A项意为“工作”；B项意为“准备”；C项意为“思考”，均与语境不符。故D项正确。
2．C 考查名词辨析。根据第二段最后一句中的“You don't have
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a personal plan for growth，do you？”可知，Kurt在询问“我”的人生规划。C项意为“规划”，符合语境。A项意为“建议”；B项意为“要求”；D项意为“需要”，均与语境不符。故C项正确。
3．D 考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“I tried to find”并结合语境可知，“我”努力从自己的生活经历中搜索有资格谈得上是人生规划的事。qualify for为固定搭配，意为“有……的资格”，符合语境。A项意为“吸引，呼吁”；B项意为“观看”；C项意为“呼叫”，均与语境不符。故D项正确。
4．A 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”向Kurt讲了许多自己曾经参加过的活动。be involved in为固定搭配，意为“参加，涉及”，符合语境。B项意为“诱骗，困住”；C项意为“迷失”；D项意为“冲洗”，均与语境不符。故A项正确。
5．B 考查名词辨析。根据该句中的“about how hard I worked and the gains I was making”以及下句中的“have talked”可推知，“我”就自己工作的艰辛和收获做了谈话。B项意为“讲话，谈话”，符合语境。A项意为“演讲，演说”，C项意为“讨论”；D项意为“争论”，均与语境不符。故B项正确。
6．B 考查动词辨析。根据上文“I must have talked for ten minutes.”并结合空格后的“patiently”可知，“我”就自己工作的艰辛和收获滔滔不绝地讲了十几分钟，Kurt没有打断“我”，而是一直耐心地听“我”讲。B项意为“听”，符合语境。A项意为“计算”；C项意为“喝，饮用”；D项意为“解释”，均与语境不符。故B项正确。
7．D 考查副词辨析。根据空格后的“You don't have a personal plan for growth, do you？”可知，Kurt在听了“我”的长篇大论之后，最终微笑着说“我”没有人生规划。D项意为“最后，最终”
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，符合语境。A项意为“热切地”；B项意为“逐渐地”；C项意为“感激地”，均与语境不符。故D项正确。
8．A 考查动词辨析。根据“我”的回答“No”可知，“我”承认自己没有人生规划。A项意为“承认”，符合语境。B项意为“打断”；C项意为“道歉”；D项意为“抱怨”，均与语境不符。故A项正确。
9．A 考查形容词辨析。根据最后三段内容并结合语境可推知，Kurt告诉“我”成长并不是一个自动的过程。A项意为“自动的”，符合语境。B项意为“缓慢的”；C项意为“独立的”；D项意为“变化的”，均与语境不符。故A项正确。
10．D 考查动词辨析。根据第一段第一句“Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.”可知，Kurt的话触动了“我”。D项意为“击中，碰撞”，符合语境。A项意为“使困惑”；B项意为“通知，告知”；C项意为“使快乐”，均与语境不符。故D项正确。
11．B 考查介词短语辨析。根据上文可知，“我”对自己的生活没有规划；由此结合语境可知，“我”没有特意去做任何能让自己的生活变得更美好的事情。B项意为“故意地，有目的地”，符合语境。A项意为“借用，借贷”；C项意为“廉价出售”；D项意为“总的来说”，均与语境不符。故B项正确。
12．C 考查名词辨析。根据下文“I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my ________.”可知，在那一刻，“我”做了一个决定，“我”决定为自己的人生做一次规划。make a decision为固定搭配，意为“做出决定”，符合语境。A项意为“评论”；B项意为“宣布”；D项意为“安排”，均与语境不符。故C项正确。
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13．A 考查名词辨析。根据上文多次提到的“life”以及该句中的“personal growth plan”可推知，“我”要为自己的人生制定个人成长计划，即人生规划。A项意为“生活”，符合语境。B项意为“进步，进展”；C项意为“表现”；D项意为“投资”，均与语境不符。故A项正确。
14．B 考查名词辨析。根据上文“我”和Kurt的交谈可知，那晚“我”和妻子就“我”与Kurt之间的谈话进行了交流。B项意为“交谈”，符合语境。A项意为“合同”；C项意为“谈判”；D项意为“争论”，均与语境不符。故B项正确。
15．C 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”向妻子展示了Kurt正在售卖的工作笔记和磁带。show sb. sth.为固定搭配，意为“向某人展示某物”，符合语境。A项意为“借出”；B项意为“售出”；D项意为“提供”，均与语境不符。故C项正确。
16．C 考查动词辨析。根据下文“He was offering a ________ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.”可推知，“我”和妻子意识到Kurt不仅仅是在做销售。C项意为“意识到”，符合语境。A项意为“回想”；B项意为“下定义”；D项意为“宣布”，均与语境不符。故C项正确。
17．C 考查名词辨析。根据上文可知，Kurt的一席话点醒了“我”，“我”开始规划人生；由此可知，Kurt为“我们”提供了改变生活、实现梦想的方法。C项意为“道路，方向，方法”，符合语境。A项意为“工具”；B项意为“(具体的)方法”；D项意为“规则”，均与语境不符。故C项正确。
18．B 考查动词辨析。A项意为“提供”；B项意为“购买”；C项意为“给予”；D项意为“提交”。根据下文并结合语境可知，“
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我们”决定购买一些(学习)资源，B项符合语境。故B项正确。
19．A 考查动词辨析。根据下文“we learned together，traveled together, and sacrificed together”以及最后一句中的“we were growing together”可知，“我”同妻子许诺要共同成长。A项意为“成长”，符合语境。B项意为“生存”；C项意为“移动”；D项意为“聚集”，均与语境不符。故A项正确。
20．D 考查形容词辨析。根据本文最后一句“While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.”可知，这个决定让“我”和妻子受益良多；由此可推知，“我们”的决定是明智的。D项意为“明智的”，符合语境。A项意为“困难的”；B项意为“随机的”；C项意为“坚定的”，均与语境不符。故D项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·长治二中五校联考)
My husband and I were paying a visit __1__ my parents in Tucson. We went to a fastfood restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter __2__ (order )dishes and I stood with my parents.
My dad is 90 years old. He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick. I was scanning the restaurant，__3__ (wait) to sit at the first table that was __4__ (convenient)than others. A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her. With a __5__ (puzzle) look on my face, I pointed to myself and said, “Me ？” She __6__ (nod) and said, “ Yes, you.” I walked to the table and she said, “ Bring your family here. I can finish eating at the counter. My son is in __7__ hurry to leave anyway.” My eyes __8__ (fill)with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat.
I always believe that there are __9__ (nature) kind people in this world. This woman has set a good example to her son, __10__ is a really
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lucky guy.
答案与解析
本文写我的丈夫和我去看我的父母，在快餐店聚餐的故事。
1．to 固定搭配：pay a visit to...，对……的访问，在这里to是介词，故填to。
2．to order 动词不定式作目的状语，故填to order。
3．waiting 现在分词作伴随状语，故填waiting。
4．more convenient 根据后面的than可知用比较级，故填more convenient。
5．puzzled 句意：我脸上一种感到疑惑的表情。此处用过去分词作前置定语，故填puzzled。
6．nodded 句意：她点头说。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填nodded。
7．a 固定词组：in a hurry，故填a。
8．were filled 固定搭配：be filled with被填满，根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填were filled。
9．naturally 副词修饰形容词，故填naturally。
10．who 在这里her son作先行词，指人，后面的非限制性定语从句缺少引导词，缺少主语，故填who。
Ⅳ.短文改错
It was extreme cold last Monday morning. While I was walking in my way to school, I noticed two street cleaner sweeping the street. Seeing them are working so hard on such a cold morning, I was moved and made up my mind do something for them. After arriving at school, I discussed with some classmates that we could do. The next day, we got up early and preparing porridge at home. When we handed the cleaners the hot
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porridge and expressed us appreciation for their hard work, they looked a little surprising at first. And then they took the porridge and thanked us happily. Since it was very cold, we all felt warm at that moment.
答案
It was cold last Monday morning. While I was walking my way to school, I noticed two street sweeping the street. Seeing them working so hard on such a cold morning, I was moved and made up my mind do something for them. After arriving at school, I discussed with some classmates we could do. The next day, we got up early and porridge at home. When we handed the cleaners the hot porridge and expressed appreciation for their hard work, they looked a little at first. And then they took the porridge and thanked us happily. it was very cold, we all felt warm at that moment.
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