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课时作业38
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·河北省冀州中学高三年级考试)
Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer (层) of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same lime, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the wheels that were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmac roads (柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.
1．What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular
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for some time?
A．Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B．Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C．Animals were a good means of transport.
D．The existence of transport wheels was not known.
2．What do we know about road design from the passage?
A．It was easier than wheel design.
B．It improved after big changes in vehicle design.
C．It was promoted by fastmoving vehicles.
D．It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
3．How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By making classifications.
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The beginning of road design.
B．The development of transport wheels.
C．The history of public transport.
D．The invention of fastmoving vehicles.
答案与解析
轮子是什么时候发明的呢？最早的用途又是什么呢？这些问题无人能回答。但是我们知道，轮子存在的时间已经超过5 500年。
1．C 细节理解题。由第二段第四句“This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans
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around.”可知，动物在运载农具和人这一方面起了很重要的作用，这是轮子一时没有流行的原因。
2．D 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.”可知，在现代的道路设计之前，轮子和车辆的设计是没有重大变化的。故D项“道路设计为轮子设计的发展提供了条件”正确。
3．C 文章结构题。根据第四段中的“mid1700s” “1820s” “1967”可知，整个段落是按时间顺序展开说明的。
4．B 主旨大意题。由文章全文内容尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍了轮子的发展，所以B项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2017·永安、连城、华安、漳平、泉港、龙海联考)
How to Make Friends
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves selfworth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. __1__ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
1. Associate with others.
The first step to make friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.
2. Start a conversation.
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making
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new friends. __2__ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talks is a very useful skill in relating with other people.
3．__3__
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.
4. Let it grow.
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. __4__ The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.
5. Enjoy your friendship.
The best way to enjoy friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. __5__ Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.
A．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
B．Do things together.
C．Making new friends comes easy for some people.
D．Do not wait to be spoken to.
E．Try not to find fault with your friends.
F．Be cheerful.
G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
答案与解析
友谊在人际关系中是非常重要的，如何与人成为朋友呢？本文提出一些建议。
1．C 根据后面的“But for many of us the process is difficult and
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requires courage.”可知前面说的是这个过程对一些人来说很容易。所以选C。
2．D 由后面的“You can always start the conversation.”可知，你可以开始一段对话，所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话。
3．B 根据后面的“as these interests would always bring you and your friend together.”可知选B项。
4．G 前面说不要通过电话、短信或亲自拜访的方式给你的朋友施加压力，因为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪，最后你会失去友谊，因此你要给你的朋友时间，让他来回应你。
5．E 前面一句说要允许你的朋友们做他们自己，也就是不要对朋友太挑剔。故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·贵州省凯里市第一中学月考)
Many years ago，there was a family __1__ (name)Franklin.They lived in Boston.There were five girls and six boys in the family.On __2__ January day in 1706 another baby was born. The boy's mother and her husband gave the boy name—Benjamin.
Benjamin was the __3__ (clever)of all the children.He could read __4__ he was five and he could write when he was seven.The next year his parents sent him __5__ school.
In school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at maths.He read all of his father's books. And when he had money，he always went to buy books.They told him how to do something.The boy liked to use his head and tried to find ways to help people enjoy life more.For example，he tried to know if there was some way to swim farther，maybe with something on his hands or __6__ (foot). __7__
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(slow)，a picture of __8__ (swim)shoes，or paddles，grew in his mind.The paddles must be neither too big __9__ too small.And they must be neither heavy nor light.At last he __10__ (invent)the paddle for swimming.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了本杰明·富兰克林。
1．named 考查动词。句意：许多年以前，有一个叫富兰克林的一家人。此处named作family的后置定语。
2．a 考查冠词。句意：在1706年一月的某一天，他们的另外一个孩子出生了。此处a表示“某一……”。
3．cleverest 考查形容词最高级。句意：本杰明是所有孩子中最聪明的一个。故用cleverest。
4．when 考查时间状语从句。句意：五岁时他就能阅读。此处when引导时间状语从句，表示 “当……时候”。
5．to 考查动词短语。句意：第二年父母就把他送到了学校。send...to... “把某人送往某处”。
6．feet 考查名词单复数。前文on his hands中名词为复数，前后对等，所以此处用 feet。
7．Slowly 考查副词。句意：慢慢地，一双游泳鞋的图画在他的手中诞生。此处Slowly作状语。
8．swimming 考查形容词。修饰名词shoes，要用形容词swimming。
9．nor 考查副词。句意：这双鞋既不大也不小。neither...nor... “既不……也不……”。
10．invented 考查动词时态。句意：最后他发明了游泳浆。此处指过去，故用一般过去时invented。
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Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·拉萨中学月考)
When I first learned to write in English, I run into many difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese but tried to translate everything into Chinese. My teacher advised me to keep diaries. I followed her advice. Happily it worked. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a short story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much that she read it to the class. Everyone said the story was the good one. I was great encouraged by their words.
答案
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Ⅴ.书面表达
(2017·郴州市质量监测)
假定你是李华，高考(College Entrance Examination)后想去美国旅行20天，主要想更多地了解当地文化和习俗。给你的美国朋友Jason写信，请他根据你的时间和旅行目的对你附件中的行程(itinerary)进行一些修改。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jason，
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案
Dear_Jason，
My high school is over at last! I am planning to travel around America for 20 days after the College Entrance Examination, hoping to learn more about the local culture and custom.
Since I have never been there before and only got some information from the Internet, I am writing to ask you to do me a favor. Considering my travelling time and purposes, I wonder if you can make some changes to my itinerary in the attachment so that my trip can turn out more colorful and practical. After all, you know what suits me best.
I am looking forward to your reply and seeing you soon in America.
Yours，
Li_Hua_
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